Armata a 1-a Română

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Armata a 1-a Română

Statul Major General.jpg

Arms of the Armata Română
active 1916 to 2000
Country RomaniaRomania Romania
Armed forces RomaniaRomania Armata Română
Type army
Butcher First World War
Kerensky offensive
Battle of the Argesch

Second World War

Prague operation

The Armata a 1-a Română ( German  1st Army ) was a military association of the armed forces of the Kingdom of Romania during the First and Second World Wars . The army was established in 1916 and was disbanded in 2000.

First World War

In the course of the successful Russian Brusilov offensive , neutral Romania entered the war against the Central Powers at the end of August 1916 . The Romanian 1st Army under General Culcer broke from the south up to 80 kilometers deep into Transylvania and occupied Kronstadt (Brașov). The front ran across a mountain range, the continuously almost 2000 meter high Czibin Mountains ( Zibins Mountains ), which were joined to the east by the Fagaras Mountains . On August 29, the advance guard of the Romanian 4th Infantry Division moved into Kronstadt. The Romanian 3rd Division took Bran Castle and carefully advanced troops against Zărneşti . The 1st Army wanted to remain defensive on the right wing with the Alt-Lotru Group (2nd Division), the middle should open the Red Tower Pass and the crossings into the Zoodt-Bachtal and advance on Sibiu.

After the Austro-Hungarian 1st Army opposed the Romanian 2nd Army , the German 9th Army under General von Falkenhayn arrived in the area north of Hermannstadt. The Romanians had occupied the Zibins Mountains, the Red Tower Pass and the Fogaras plain up to the upper Alt section. In the west her Orșova group (Romanian 1st and 2nd divisions) had occupied the foothills of the Zibins Mountains as far as Orlat Guraro and Poplaka. The German Alpine Corps had assembled at Sinna and Poianu and quickly began bypassing the Army Corps opposite. General Ioan Popovici , in command of the Romanian I Corps, had commanded Sibiu since September 14th. The corps had occupied a position 55 kilometers wide, which ran south and south-east of the city along the Racoviţa-Sacadat-Caşolt estuary, the flanks on the right in Fogaraser, on the left to the Czibin Mountains. On the right stood the 13th Infantry Division (Brigadier General Ioan Oprescu) and on the left the 23rd Infantry Division (Brigadier General Matei Castriş, from 9 September Colonel Traian Moşoiu) from Kastenholz Caşolț on a front width of 22 kilometers. To the east of Sibiu, the Romanian march disrupted the reconnaissance activities of the German cavalry corps Schmettow . On September 23, the German Alpine Corps advancing over the western end of the mule tracks reached the Cindrelu section. General Culcer requested help from the left wing of the 2nd Army under General Crainceanu in the event of an enemy attack. In order to completely free the threatened rear of the 1st Corps, General Culcer dispatched larger parts of the 20th Division, which was on the Danube, to the north during the following battle near Sibiu , in order to attack the border ridge west of the Red Tower Pass from the Lotrutal valley .

The retreat of the 1st Army over the snow-covered mountains of the Carpathian Mountains at the end of September 1916 brought further losses, the enemy’s mountain troops remained close on their heels. General Prezan's troops tried on October 1 to build a new front near Ratosnya and in the Kelemen Mountains. On October 5th, the rear guards of the Romanian 1st Army were caught up in the ghost forest and attacked. In the following battle of Kronstadt on 7./8. October the combined forces of the Central Powers were able to push back the Romanians again.

On August 8, 1917, an Austro-Hungarian offensive on the Oituz Pass began on the northern Mărăşeşti front . The opposite Romanian 1st Army under General Grigorescu held its lines against superior enemy forces until August 30th, only after that the Gerok Army Group could break through the Romanian front about 2–6 km deep.

Eremia Grigorescu

Commander in chief

literature

  • Rudolf Kiszling : The campaign in Transylvania from Austria-Hungary's last war 1914–1918: Volume V , Verlag der Militärwissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen, Vienna 1930, pp. 250–260 and 298 f.