Arrow (rocket)

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Arrow
Image: Launch of an Arrow 2

Arrow anti-ballistic missile launch.jpg

General Information
Type Anti-missile missile
Manufacturer IAI , IMI and Tadiran
development 1986
Unit price $ 3 million
Technical specifications
length 7.50 m
diameter 800 mm
Combat weight 2,000 kg
Drive
First stage
Second stage
Solid
rocket Solid rocket
speed Mach 9.0 (2,500 m / s)
Range 100 km
Furnishing
Target location Inertial navigation platform plus semi-active radar target search
Warhead Fragmentation warhead
Detonator Proximity fuse
Lists on the subject

The Arrow ( English : "Arrow", original Hebrew name: חץ; "Chetz") is a missile defense system made by Israel . It is the first anti-ballistic missile in the country designed to intercept and destroy surface-to-surface missiles and the first anti-ballistic system to be deployed in the stratosphere .

The Arrow system is used to intercept short- and medium-range missiles and is primarily aimed at the advanced programs of this type that Iran and Iraq operate or have operated.

history

The project to build an anti-ballistic missile is based on an Israeli- American resolution of May 6, 1986, which primarily regulates the co-financing of such a project, which would probably amount to several billion US dollars . To date, the US share is estimated at $ 2 billion. The Reagan administration's interest was in bringing Israel into the SDI program.

The Israeli Defense Ministry commissioned a consortium that includes a wide range of Israeli companies such as Israel Military Industries , Tadiran , Israel Aircraft Industries and others. includes, with the development of the rocket. In addition, the program is being developed by the US companies Raytheon and Boeing .

The Arrow 2 program was started in 1996 . Arrow 2 is much more powerful than its predecessor and has a higher degree of automation. The new system can u. a. be supplied with reconnaissance data from American satellites , which should detect an enemy missile launch early. A new type of guided missile is also used, which has a greater range and a flight speed of 3 km / s. An Arrow 2 battery should be able to fight up to 14 targets at the same time. In March 2000, the first Arrow 2 battery was taken over by the Israel Defense Forces.

The first test of the Arrow system took place on May 14, 2000 at the Palmachim Airbase in central Israel on the Mediterranean coast . The first test shot with the Arrow 2 system took place on August 27, 2001, with an Arrow 2 destroying targets at a height of 100 km.

On July 29, 2004, an Arrow rocket was successfully fired against a real SCUD rocket during an exercise . The Scud was hit precisely. Then- Israeli Defense Minister Shaul Mofaz said of the test:

“This is a central plank of Israel's defense ability. The success of the test is further proof of the technological superiority of the Israeli Defense Industries ”

“This is an integral part of the Israeli ability to defend itself. This success is further proof of the technological superiority of the Israeli arms industry. "

Test start of an Arrow 3 on February 25, 2013

In August 2008, the Israeli government announced the development of Arrow 3 . The revised system should be much more flexible to use. The new type of guided missile is primarily intended to destroy enemy missiles with a direct hit (English: " Hit-To-Kill "), as this ensures that the warhead can be safely destroyed. In addition, thanks to its fragmentation warhead with proximity fuse, the guided missile can ensure that the target is destroyed even in the event of close fly-bys. Arrow 3 should be able to fight targets at distances of over 100 km up to an altitude of 100 km. The first test with the Arrow 3 system took place on July 27, 2011. The first attempt at shooting an Arrow 3 guided missile took place on January 24, 2012. In January 2017, it was finally ready for use and was u. a. installed on the Sdot Micha Air Force Base . In July 2019, three successful tests took place at the Pacific Spaceport Complex on the island of Kodiak off Alaska.

In March 2017, the Israeli army first deployed an Arrow 2 in an emergency: an S-200 anti-aircraft missile that was fired by the Syrian army in response to an air strike long after the planes left Syria was shot down . The moment of the explosion, when the Arrow hit the S-200, could be heard in much of Israel and the West Bank. Otherwise, the Syrian anti-aircraft missile would have become a surface-to-surface missile and could have hit Israeli cities.

technology

The launch system includes the missiles, a control system called Yellow Citron and an IAI EL / M-2080 Green Pine radar system . The guided missile control is carried out with the Green Pine radar. The target is marked by the fire control radar of the guided missile base, and the missile finds its way through the reflected radar energy. The missile flies towards the target illuminated by the ground penetrating radar and has no active radar itself. The guided weapon is started with an initially assumed or calculated meeting point. Later course corrections are determined by the ground penetrating radar and sent to the missile. If the target comes within the proximity fuse's response radius, the fragmentation warhead is detonated. This has an effective radius of over 50 m.

In contrast to the automated US Patriot system , an officer decides on the start of the Arrow and monitors the trajectory of the interceptor missiles.

sale

Tensions have arisen between the USA and Israel several times since the turn of the millennium, as Turkey and India, among others, are increasingly trying to acquire the defense system. The USA awards military development aid on the condition that the resulting projects go exclusively to US industries, politics and the military and that all steps are coordinated with the USA. Conflicts arose from the fact that Israel tried several times to give interested parties access to parts of the Arrow program in a roundabout way ; this became public.

See also

Web links

Commons : Arrow rocket  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Policy Almanac , Section Stretgic Cooperation . Date of discovery: October 8, 2006 ( Memento of May 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ Press release of the Israeli Defense Ministry: The 'Arrow' System Test - A Strategic Accomplishment . Date of discovery: October 8, 2006 ( Memento of March 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ https://www.israelnetz.com/politik-wirtschaft/sicherheit/2017/01/19/israel-erhaelt-erstmals-arrow-3-raketen/
  4. ↑ https://www.richardsilverstein.com/2013/06/04/janes-us-built-100-million-base-to-house-israels-most-advanced-arrow-3-abm-to-counter-iran /
  5. ↑ spiegel.de July 30, 2019: Israel is rehearsing the case of war on Bear Island
  6. ^ Israel and US Successfully Test Advanced Arrow-3 Defense System. In: TV7. July 29, 2019, accessed August 1, 2019 .
  7. ↑ spiegel.de March 21, 2017: Israel and Iran show Russia the borders