S-200

Soviet surface-to-air missile S-200

The S-200 is a stationary, all-weather, long-range air defense system that was developed in the Soviet Union and first stationed there in 1967. The system's NATO code is SA-5 Gammon .

history

In the mid-1950s, the development of high-flying supersonic aircraft advanced. The air defense systems of the time were hardly able to cope with this threat. In addition, there was the development of thermonuclear weapons , which were much more destructive than atomic bombs . Faced with these threats, the Soviet government gave an early order to begin developing efficient anti-aircraft missiles. The Dal missile complex (NATO code: SA-5 Griffon, not to be confused with the SA-5 Gammon described here), developed from 1954 onwards, did not meet these expectations, especially since it was designed not only for anti- aircraft defense, but also for defense against ballistic missiles was. The S-75 (NATO code: SA-2 Guideline), which was put into service in 1957 , could not solve this problem either, as the missiles only had an effective range of 30 km. In 1956 and 1957, the Soviet government again awarded contracts to develop more efficient air defense systems, but these too did not show any significant success. In 1958, the Soviet government again gave the order to design such an air defense system and also laid down the guidelines.

These were among others:

• Intercept targets at a speed of 3500 km / h at an altitude of 5 to 35 km and a distance of 150 km
• Intercept targets at a speed of 2000 km / h at an altitude of 5 to 35 km and a distance of 180 to 200 km
• A hit probability of 70 to 80%

In addition, a first prototype was to be available for test purposes in 1961. The system should be named S-200.

Numerous Soviet development offices were used for the various components of the system. The KB-1 (today Almas-Antei ) received the main order , the design of the rocket was carried out by a development office under Pyotr Dmitrievich Gruschin .

After about 15 years in the service of the Soviet Union, the weapon was exported for the first time: after the Lebanon War in 1982 , 96 S-200Bs were brought to Syria and in 1984 the technology for operating the export version S-200WE was handed over to the Syrians. A short time later, the S-200WE version was also installed in Libya, south of Sirte . More S-200WE were later delivered to Iran and North Korea.

Apparently, the weapon system was still in use in Syria in spring 2018 . According to Israeli observers, an Israeli F-16 fighter-bomber was shot down by a Syrian S-200 on February 10, 2018 after a deployment in Syria.

development

Development of the S-200 began in 1958 under the direction of the KB-1. The design offices OKB-1, OKB-2 and OKB-165 (today NPO Saturn ) were also involved. After overcoming a few problems, the development of the S-200A Angara was finally completed. The missile had an effective range of 160 km. The system was officially added to the inventory of Soviet troops in 1967. However, when the system was introduced, deficiencies became apparent, for example the interference immunity was extremely low. This ultimately led to the system being continually renewed and improved. The last version of the system was introduced in 1976. The successor system is the S-400 .

Versions

• S-200A Angara (SA-5A) , introduced in 1967
• S-200W Wega (SA-5B) , introduced in 1970
• S-200WM (or simply S-200M) Wega-M (SA-5B)
• S-200WE Wega-E (SA-5B) , export version
• S-200D Dubna (SA-5C) , introduced in 1987

Guided missiles

Experimental rocket 5W28EUD for hypersonic laboratory "Cholod"

• 5W21 (W-860) - original guided missile with a self-steering system, tested 1960–1961
• W-861 - originally developed guided missile with a solid propulsion unit for the second stage. Wasn't built.
• W-870 - originally planned nuclear version of the W-860. Wasn't built.
• 5W21A (W-860P) - first production version of the guided weapon for the S-200A Angara.
• 5W21W (W-860PW) - another modernization of the 5W21A, with new on -board electronics.
• 5W28 (W-880) - guided missile for the S-200W Wega
• 5W28N (W-880N) - nuclear version of the 5W28; first nuclear missile for the S-200 system. N ( Russian Н ) stands for Н адёжная (reliable). All on-board systems of the 5W28N had an increased work reliability.
• 5W28E (W-880E) - guided missile for the export version S-200E
• 5W28M (W-880M, original designation when the W-890 was developed) - guided missile for the S-200D Dubna.
• 5W28MN (W-880MN) - Nuclear version of the W-880M.

Technical specifications

The system consists of the following main components:

• TALL KING ( P-14 "Lena" , later Oborona TALL KING C ) - search radar with a range of over 400 km
• BAR LOCK B , P-37 - homing and tracking radar device
• SIDE NET ( PRW-17 ) - Altitude radar with a range of up to 160 km
• SQUARE PAIR (5N62 / K1) - Fire control radar with a range of up to 300 km
• 1L22 Parol - friend-foe query system (IFF)
• K-9 - Command and target assignment booth
• 5P72 - launch ramps for the guided missiles

The system often also included a loading machine, the KrAZ-255 W or KrAZ-260 W semitrailer as a transport and loading vehicle.

Overview of guided missiles

system	S-200 Angara	S-200W Wega	S-200D Dubna
Guided missile	W-860P / 5W21A	W-880PW / 5W28	W-880M / 5W28M
Length (with starter kits)	10.43 m (10.76 m)	10.80 m	10.80 m
Hull diameter	750 mm
Wingspan	2520 mm
Weight (with jump start kits 5S28)	7068 kg	-	-
drive	4 throw-off boosters for the start phase plus liquid fuel
Warhead	217 kg shrapnel
Detonator	Radio proximity and impact fuze	Radar proximity and impact fuze
Average airspeed	1400-1600 m / s
Operational range	17-180 km	17-240 km	17-300 km
Bet height	500-40,000 m	500-40,000 m	300-40,000 m
Steering system	Semi-active self-steering	Semi-active self-steering + passive self-steering on jammers

Accidents

→ Main article : Sibir flight 1812

On October 4, 2001, a Tupolev Tu-154 passenger aircraft en route from Tel Aviv to Novosibirsk was shot down by a missile of the Ukrainian Navy. On board the machine were 65 passengers and twelve crew members. Initially, state authorities suspected an act of terrorism, later the missed shot of an SA-5 during a military maneuver was confirmed.

Mission and status

Current users

•  Azerbaijan : Unknown number in the S-200 Vega version, January 2018
•  Bulgaria : Unknown number in the S-200 Angara version, January 2018
•  Iran : 10 launchers in the S-200 Angara version, in January 2018
•  Kazakhstan : Unknown number in the S-200 Angara version, January 2018
•  North Korea : 24 S-200 Angara launchers, in service with the Air Force in January 2018
•  Poland : 1 starter device in the S-200 Wega version, in January 2018
•  Syria : Unknown number in the S-200 Angara version, January 2018
•  Turkmenistan : Unknown number in the S-200 Angara version, January 2018
•  Uzbekistan : Unknown number in the S-200 Angara version, January 2018

Former users

•  Egypt :
•  Algeria :
•  German Democratic Republic ( anti-aircraft missile troops): S-200WE: 24 launch devices in 2 positions, introduced from 1985 and transferred to the Bundeswehr from 1991.
•  Germany - After reunification , the Bundeswehr temporarily took over the system as part of national air defense ( anti-aircraft missile squadron 51 in Sanitz (position in Prangendorf) until December 31, 1992 and anti-aircraft missile squadron 52 in Ladeburg (position in Badingen-Osterne) until December 31, 1993).
•  Georgia :
•  India :
•  Libya : 24 launchers in 2 positions (all destroyed by air strikes on March 19, 2011)
•  Moldova :
•  Mongolia :
•  Russia - Completely decommissioned by November 2001 at the latest.
•  Czech Republic :
•  Ukraine : Decommissioned by November 2013.
•  Hungary :

See also

• Surface-to-air missile
• List of surface-to-air missiles

literature

• Ракета 5В21А. Техническое описание. Альбом рисунков. Publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, Moscow 1969.
• Ракета 5В21А. Техническое описание. Общие сведения, планер, двигательная установка, двигатели и боевая часть. Publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, Moscow 1969.
• Land-Based Air Defense Edition 2003, 2004, 2005. Jane's Verlag.
• RUSSIA'S ARMS AND TECHNOLOGIES. THE XXI CENTURY ENCYCLOPEDIA Volume 9 - Air and ballistic missile defense. The Publishing House - Arms and Technologies.

Web links

Commons : SA-5 Gammon  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• globalsecurity.com (English)
• pvo.guns.ru (Russian)
• raspletin.ru ( Memento from June 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (Russian)
• Youtube video  - on which the separation of the booster can be clearly seen.
• peters-ada.de (German from an officer of the FlaR department of the NVA)
• spiegel.de March 21, 2017: Israel and Iran show Russia the borders. (S-200 shot down by Arrow missile )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Зенитная ракетная система С-200. bastion-karpenko.ru, accessed on May 3, 2018 (Russian, "S-200 anti-aircraft missile system"). 
2. ↑ Israeli warplane downed by Russian-made anti-aircraft missiles. ynetnews.com from February 10, 2018
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Ракета 5В21А. Техническое описание. Альбом рисунков. P. 6 and following
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} [1]
5. ↑ Ракета 5В21А. Техническое описание Общие сведения, планер, двигательная установка, двигатели и боевая часть p. 6
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r} The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): The Military Balance 2018 . 1st edition. Routledge, London 2018, ISBN 978-1-85743-955-7 (English, January 2018).
7. ↑ Weapons and equipment of the NVA - where have they gone? (Part 2). In: ddr-uniformen.com. Retrieved March 22, 2017 . 
8. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): The Military Balance 1991-1992 . 1st edition. Routledge, London 1991, ISBN 978-0-08-041325-9 (English).
9. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): The Military Balance 1994-1995 . 1st edition. Routledge, London 1995, ISBN 978-1-85753-115-2 , pp. 51 (English).
10. ↑ s 200 in action. In: peters-ada.de. Retrieved March 22, 2017 . 
11. ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): The Military Balance 2001-2002 . 1st edition. Routledge, London 2001, ISBN 978-0-19-850979-0 , pp. 116 (English).
12. ↑ Україна остаточно відмовилася від ЗРК С-200 ( Memento of the original from July 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.