9K35 Strela-10

SA-13B gopher
General Information
Type	Anti-aircraft missile
Manufacturer	OKB-16 (Nudelman)
development	1969
Technical specifications
length	2.35 m
diameter	120 mm
Combat weight	42 kg
span	400 mm
drive	Solid - rocket engine
speed	517 m / s
Range	5.2 km
Furnishing
Target location	Passive IR plus photo contrast
Warhead	5 kg continuous rod
Detonator	Impact or laser proximity detonators
Weapon platforms	MT-LB tracked vehicle
Lists on the subject

The 9K35 "Strela-10" ( Russian Стрела arrow , NATO code name : SA-13 Gopher ) is a Soviet short-range air defense system . The system was developed to protect mechanized bandages. The main objective is to combat low-flying aircraft and helicopters on the advance routes. It is used at the brigade level.

development

The Strela-10 system was designed as a successor or as a temporary addition to the Strela-1 . Development began in 1969 in the Nudelman design office (OKB-16). The first systems were delivered to the Soviet land forces in 1978 .

Guided missile

The guided missiles of the 9K35 complex are designated 9M37 and use a passive seeker head whose detector works in the IR / UV range (3.5–5.0 µm and 0.3–0.8 µm). The later introduced 9M37D and 9M333 guided missiles have an improved warhead and seeker head. This seeker head also enables the fight against targets in bad weather or at night. Small head-on targets can also be fought. The top speed of the guided missile is around Mach 1.8. The vertical range of application of the guided weapon is 10 to 3,500 m with a horizontal combat range of 0.5 to 5.2 km. Air targets approaching frontally can be fought up to a flight speed of 415 m / s. The maximum airspeed for combating an airborne target that is flying away is 310 m / s. The target tracking by the missile is based on the principle of proportional approximation, i.e. H. the electronics calculate the angular velocity of the target and send control commands to bring the difference to zero. If the target comes within the response radius (3 m) of the proximity fuse , the continuous rod warhead is ignited. This weighs 5 kg and has an explosive content of 1.1 kg. When it detonates, it generates fragments weighing up to 9 grams, which expand at a speed of around 1,300 m / s. In the event of a direct hit, the warhead is triggered by the impact fuse.

The guided missiles of the type 9M37D are converted to target missiles Strela-10IWZ after their retirement due to the expiry of their service life and used as training targets for the training of air defense troops .

Vehicle and radar

Guided missile 9M37M

Plexiglass window of the gunner with the optical sight

The vehicle is based on the troop carrier MT-LB . It was built according to the operational principles of the Soviet military doctrine, according to which the vehicles should be buoyant and air-transportable. Instead of the small turret with a 7.62 mm machine gun, a launching system with radar was installed. Thanks to the very wide chains, the vehicle shows good driving characteristics, especially in snow. The very low specific ground pressure also allows movement in deep snow or mud without getting stuck.

A tower that can be rotated through 360 ° with four guided weapons in start boxes is mounted on the carrier vehicle. This is folded up in the marching position, with the start boxes lying flat on the roof. The gunner with the optical sight is located in the tower behind a Plexiglas window. A 9S86 radar (NATO code name: Snap Shot) is attached between the four launch containers and is used to measure the distance. The radar can track targets from a distance of 0.43 to 10.3 km. The maximum deviation in the distance measurement is 100 m and in the speed measurement the accuracy is 30 m / s. Four passive 9S16 radar receivers (NATO code name: Flat Box) are attached to each vehicle. These detect emitters from aircraft such as radar and radar altimeters. Target acquisition is done optically by the gunner. In order to increase the expectation of a hit, a volley of two guided missiles is usually fired at a target.

Versions

• 9K35 Strela-10SW: 1st series version introduced in 1976 with four 9M37 guided weapons housed in start and transport containers.
• 9K35M Strela-10M: 2nd production version introduced in 1979 with modernized electronics and improved 9M37M guided missiles.
• 9K35M2 Strela-10M2: 3rd series version introduced in 1981 with radar antenna "Snap Shot" (9S86) for distance measurement.
• 9K35M3 Strela-10M3: 4th series version introduced in 1989 with new electronics and new 9M333 guided missiles.
• 9K35M3-K Strela-10M3-K: Strela-10M3 installed on a BTR-60 PB. Prototype only, first presented at the MAKS -2007 exhibition .
• 9K35M4 Strela 10M4: Modernized version from Tetraedr. With a new electro-optical target system with automatic target acquisition.
• 9K35MN Strela 10MN: Modernized version of the 9K35M4 with integrated night vision mode.

Charging process

• 

  Folded weapon system without missiles

• 

  Missiles are being loaded

• 

  The weapon system and radar antenna are extended

• 

  Ready vehicle

User states

Current users

•  Azerbaijan - As of January 2018, an unknown number of 9K35 are in service.
•  Bosnia and Herzegovina - As of January 2018, 1 9K35M3 is in service.
•  Georgia - As of January 2018, an unknown number of 9K35s are in service.
•  India - As of January 2018, there are 250 9K35 in service.
•  Jordan - As of January 2018, there are 92 9K35 in service.
•  Kazakhstan - As of January 2018, an unknown number of 9K35s are on duty.
•  Croatia - As of January 2018, there are 9 9K35 in service.
•  Cuba - As of January 2018, there are 200 9K35 in service.
•  North Korea - As of January 2018, an unknown number of 9K35s are in service with the Air Force .
•  North Macedonia - As of January 2018, there are 8 9K35s in service.

•  Russia
  Army - As of January 2018, there are 400 9К35М3 in service.
  Marines - As of January 2018, an unknown number of 9K35s are in service.
  Airborne Forces - As of January 2018, there are 30 9K35MN in service.
•  Syria - As of January 2018, an unknown number of 9K35s are on duty.
•  Serbia - As of January 2018, there are 5 9K35M in service.
•  Slovakia - As of January 2018, there are 48 9K35 in service.
•  Turkmenistan - As of January 2018, there are 13 9K35 in service.
•  Ukraine - As of January 2018, an unknown number of 9K35s are in service.
•  Czech Republic - As of January 2018, an unknown number of 9K35s are in service.
•  Belarus - As of January 2018, an unknown number of 9K35s are on duty.

Former users

•  Afghanistan - Decommissioned by January 2018.
•  Angola - Not operational as of January 2018.
•  German Democratic Republic - 36 Strela-10s were taken over from the holdings of the National People's Army after reunification . However , it was not taken over or introduced into the Bundeswehr .

•  Yemen - Decommissioned by January 2018.
•  Libya - Decommissioned by January 2018.

See also

• List of surface-to-air missiles

Web links

Commons : 9K35 Strela-10  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Description on www.globalsecurity.org (English)
• Description on www.new-factoria.ru (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b} Delivery of the "Strela-10" Air Defense Missile System. In: uos.ua. State Company Ukroboronservice, accessed November 15, 2016 . 
2. ^ Tomasz Szulc: Russian Surface-to-Air Missiles by 2005 . Military Technology Magazine. Volume 28, Issue 8, August 2004, pp. 60-62.
3. ^ RIA Novosti: Air defense units of the Russian land forces get new target missile (December 8, 2011). Retrieved December 8, 2011.
4. ↑ Зенитный ракетный комплекс 9К35 "Стрела-10СВ". rbase.new-factoria.ru, accessed November 15, 2016 (Russian). 
5. ↑ Карнозов, Владимир: Обновленная "Стрела": как дневной стрелок стал ночным охотником. In: ОАО «ТРК ВС РФ« ЗВЕЗДА ». tvzvezda.ru, November 23, 2017, accessed September 3, 2019 (Russian). 
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x} The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): The Military Balance 2018 . 1st edition. Routledge, London 2018, ISBN 978-1-85743-955-7 (English, January 2018).
7. ↑ Small request from various members of the Bundestag from January 31, 1992 (PDF)