S-350

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S-350 Vitjas

50P6 launch vehicle
50P6 launch vehicle

General Information
Type Anti-aircraft missile
Local name S-350 Vitjas, 50R6
Country of origin RussiaRussia Russia
Manufacturer Almas-Antei & Fakel
development 2007-2019
Commissioning 2019
Technical specifications
length 5.35 m
diameter 273 mm
Combat weight 449 kg
span 676 mm
drive Solid - rocket engine
speed 1,000-1,800 m / s
Range 120 km
Service ceiling 30,000 m
Furnishing
steering Inertial Navigation & Data Link
Target location active radar target search
Warhead 24 kg fragmentation warhead
Detonator Impact fuse & proximity fuse
Weapon platforms BAZ-6909 vehicle
Lists on the subject

The S-350 Witjas ( Russian С-350 Витязь , German: Recke) is a mobile, all-weather surface-to-air missile system developed in Russia for combating combat aircraft , cruise missiles and ballistic missiles . In the Russian armed forces the system is called S-350 , in the GRAU index it is called 50R6 . The export designation is S-350E and 50R6E Hero .

development

In 1991, the first studies on a successor system for the air defense system S-300P ( NATO code name : SA-10 Grumble) were carried out in the Soviet Union . The studies were temporarily discontinued by Almas-Antei in 1993 for financial reasons. After the financial situation had improved in 1997, the project was continued and was first mentioned publicly in 1998. On the MAKS 1999 as well as on the MAKS 2001 demonstration models were presented. Due to the still problematic financial situation at the manufacturer, no work on a prototype could be carried out. In 2005, South Korea expressed interest in the S-350 system; especially on the 9M96 guided missile. Based on the S-350, a prototype tailored to South Korean needs was to be developed. After South Korea had paid part of the development costs, development work began in 2007 in cooperation with South Korean companies. The Fakel MKB company was awarded the development contract for the 9M96 guided missiles. From the beginning, the development of two different systems was followed. For example, the South Korean system has other vehicles, radar components and a Korean fire control station. The South Korean prototype was completed in 2010 and the first field tests took place in 2011. This system was named KM-SAM or Cheolmae II. The S-350 system for Russia was fully developed in 2012 and was on June 19, 2013 in Saint Petersburg government and government Representatives of the press and presented to the public at MAKS 2013. The field tests initially targeted for 2014 did not begin until 2015. After the acceptance tests by the state authorities at the end of March 2019, the S-350 system was approved for series production. As a result, 20 systems for troop testing were produced. In December 2019, the first S-350 was delivered to the Russian air defense forces for troop tests. Like the 96K6 Panzir air defense system , the S-350 is one of those Russian weapon systems, the development of which was largely financed from abroad.

technology

According to the manufacturer, the S-350 system can effectively combat the following goals:

According to the manufacturer, the S-350 should be able to attack targets at a distance of 1.5–120 km and at an altitude of 10–30,000 m. Ballistic missiles should be able to be fought over a maximum distance of 30 km and in an altitude range of 2,000-25,000 m.

vehicles

The S-350 system mainly consists of the following components:

  • 50K6 fire control station
  • 50N6 radar
  • 50P6 launch vehicles
  • Power supply unit for each battery
  • Repair and maintenance unit for every battery

All S-350 components are installed on three or four-axle trucks of the type BAZ-6909 from the Brjanski Avtomobilny Sawod . It takes five minutes to get ready for use. The vehicles are powered by a multi-fuel engine with a maximum output of 345 kW (469 hp). The truck has a tire pressure control system and the driver's cab and cabins have NBC protection . A satellite navigation antenna set of the NK Orientir (azimuth) type is installed on the roof of the driver's cab . The navigation system works with a receiver for the satellite navigation systems GLONASS and GPS . Depending on availability, the navigation system automatically selects one of the two satellite signals. The truck reaches a maximum speed of 80 km / h on the road and has a range of up to 1000 km. The BAZ-6909 is all -terrain and can negotiate gradients of 57%. The maximum permissible cross slope is 38% and the vehicle can drive through bodies of water with a maximum depth of 1.4 m.

50N6 multifunction radar

50N6 fire control radar

The 50N6 multifunction radar consists roughly of an active phased array radar antenna and a cabin for the surgeons. During transport, the radar antenna is lowered onto the vehicle roof; During operation, the antenna is positioned at an angle of around 30 °. The system has its own friend-foe detection system (IFF) and the target data determined are automatically forwarded to the 50K6 fire control station. The multifunction radar simultaneously determines the target data, pursues the target and searches for other aerial targets ( track-while-scan ). The 50N6 radar is designed to detect small and fast flight targets and can simultaneously accompany up to 100 targets in search and monitoring mode. In the track-while-scan mode, 40 targets can be monitored at the same time and the target data can be determined from eight of them. The transmitting antenna rotates at 40–60 revolutions per minute. It can also stand still and be used for a static search sector. The opening angle in the horizontal plane measures 90 °. An opening angle of ± 45 ° is used in the vertical plane. In search and monitoring mode, the distance resolution is 250 m. The maximum error in azimuth resolution is 0.5 °. The actual radar device is a continuous wave 3D radar and works in the X-band . The radar also serves as a transmission station for the data link to the flying guided missiles. The radar can simultaneously control 16 guided missiles against eight flight targets. Alternatively, it can simultaneously control 12 missiles against 6 targets with a ballistic trajectory .

50K6 fire control station

50K6 fire control station

The 50K6 system is the central fire control station of an S-350 battery . From here, the operators conduct the fire fight, and they can also receive instructions from a higher command post . 50K6 has extensive communication facilities that allow combat command personnel to communicate with various reconnaissance and command systems. The 50K6 system is also equipped for data exchange with the S-300PM , S-300WM and S-400 Triumf air defense systems.

The 50K6 command post performs the following actions:

  • Control and monitoring of the battery multifunction radars
  • Acquisition, identification, tracking of air targets
  • Friend-Foe Detection (IFF)
  • Prioritization of each air target and the relaying of the most dangerous to the 50N6 multifunction radars of the battery
  • Control and coordination of electronic countermeasures
  • Coordination of the battery in autonomous or combined use
  • Data exchange with neighboring units as well as the higher level

50P6 launch vehicle

50P6 launch vehicle

The 50P6 launch and transport vehicle ( English Transporter, erector, launcher; TEL ) has a crew of three and is equipped with twelve 9M96 guided missiles. The guided weapons are located in transport and launch containers and are launched vertically from these. The transport and launch containers are housed in two racks in which six are installed in two layers. To get the 50P6 launch vehicle ready to fire, it is first placed on splay legs. Then the missile containers are positioned over the rear at an angle of 90 °. The fastest possible start interval is one missile start every two seconds. The 50P6 launch and transport vehicle can be positioned within a maximum of two kilometers from the 50N6 multifunction radar.

Guided missiles

The guided weapons are delivered from the manufacturing plant in sealed transport and launch containers that are protected from the effects of the weather. The guided weapons can be transported and stored in the cylindrical containers for 15 years without being checked. For control purposes, the guided weapons have a built-in electronic self-test , which can be carried out by the operating personnel on a control box on the launch containers.

9M96 and 9M96D

9M96 guided missiles

The 9M96 guided missile is primarily used to combat maneuvering targets such as aircraft and cruise missiles. The larger 9M96D guided missiles can also be used to combat ballistic missiles. The export versions of the two guided missiles are named 9M96E and 9M96E2.

The upper fuselage section with the guidance system and the search and warhead is identical in both guided missiles. The only difference is the length of the rocket motor. This missile part is 83 cm longer on the 9M96D missile and contains a double pulse motor . As a result, the 9M96D missile weighs 97 kg more than the 9M96 missile and has a range that is 80 km longer. Both guided missiles are single-stage missiles with a solid rocket engine . Two groups of steering and control surfaces are attached to the missile fuselage. In the rear area there are four trapezoidal stabilization surfaces and on the front quarter of the missile fuselage there are four trapezoidal control surfaces. While the missile is in the transport and launch container, these surfaces are attached to the missile body. They unfold immediately after launch. In addition to the four control surfaces, the guided weapon has small control nozzles attached to the side of the fuselage for lateral thrust control. These are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and tangential to the circumference of the missile. The steering jets align the missile with the flight axis after it has been ejected from the launch container. The lateral thrust control is also used in the final phase of the target approach. The guided weapons can perform maneuvers near the ground with a maximum lateral load of 60  g . At an altitude of 20,000 m, the load limit is 25 g. The 9M96 guided missiles use aerodynamic control (control surfaces) as well as thrust vector control for most of the flight route. At high altitudes and for approaching the target, the lateral thrust control is used to hit the target precisely.

The guided weapon is fired on a semi-ballistic trajectory at the previously calculated collision point between the target and the guided weapon. The solid rocket engine accelerates the rocket to over ( Mach 2). The double pulse motor of the larger 9M96D guided missile pauses after the first section of the solid rocket engine has burned out and the further cruise flight takes place without power. For the final approach, the impact and proximity fuze and the missile's own K u band radar seeker are activated. The rocket engine of the 9M96D guided missile is also ignited again, which gives it a high level of agility on the final approach. The final approach is based on the principle of proportional navigation . The 9M96 guided missiles are designed to destroy the target with a direct hit (English: " Hit-To-Kill "). The warhead is constructed asymmetrically so that the fragmentation effect can be concentrated in the target direction. When approaching the target , the missile rolls around the longitudinal axis in order to bring the warhead into the optimal position for the target. The radar proximity fuse only triggers the warhead if it passes by less than 1.50 m. If the target is missed, the guided weapon destroys itself after a certain flight time.

The 9M96 guided missiles can also be used with the S-400 system and the ship-based 3K96 Poliment-Redut system.

9M96 9M96D
length 4.52 m 5.35 m
Hull diameter 273 mm
Wingspan 676 mm
Weight 370 kg 449 kg
Warhead 24 kg fragmentation warhead
Range 1.5-40 km 2.5-120 km
Altitude range 5-20,000 m 5-30,000 m
Target speed 1000 m / s 4800 m / s

Technical data

9M100

The 9M100 guided missile is also mentioned in connection with the S-350 system. This guided missile is to be used for the combat against surprisingly appearing, strongly maneuvering air targets and cruise missiles. The 9M100 guided missile can attack targets with a flight speed of up to 1,000 m / s. The 50N6 multifunction radar supplies the missile with target data before takeoff. During the cruise, the missile continues to receive data from the multifunction radar. The control takes place here by means of an inertial navigation system . The guided missile seeker head is used for the target approach. If the target is hit directly, the warhead is detonated by the impact fuse. During a flyby, the warhead is fired by the proximity fuse.

The 9M100 guided missile is currently still in development. The 9M100 guided missile was presented for the first time at the MAKS 2017.

9M100
length 3.17 m
Hull diameter 200 mm
Wingspan 536 mm
Weight 140 kg
Warhead 14.5 kg fragmentation warhead
Range 0.5-15 km
Altitude range 5-8,000 m
Target speed 1000 m / s

Technical data

Battle structure

The airspace surveillance is carried out at brigade or regiment level with a 3D surveillance and target tracking radar 96L6-TsP and two passive radars of the type 96L6-VP . The data obtained about the overall air situation are evaluated and processed there in a C³I system. From there the data is forwarded to the 50K6 fire control station of the S-350 battery .

A normal S-350 battery consists of a 50K6 fire control station, a 50N6 radar and four to eight 50P6 launch vehicles. Two 50N6 radars can also be used in one battery. In this case, too, the fire fight is conducted by a single 50K6 fire control station. In this configuration, one battery can deploy 32 guided missiles against 16 targets.

variants

  • S-350: Version for the Russian Armed Forces .
  • S-350E: export version.
  • 3K96-2 Poliment-Redut: Version for use on warships with 9M96D and 9M100 guided missiles.
  • 3K96-3 Redut: Version for use on warships with 9M96 and 9M100 guided missiles.
  • KM-SAM: Also known as Cheolmae II. Modified version for South Korea.

distribution

  • RussiaRussia Russia - In service since 2019
  • Korea SouthSouth Korea South Korea - in use since 2015

literature

  • Adrian Ochsenbein: The SA-21 GROWLER surface-to-air guided missile system. Defense Threat Informations Group, DTIG, November 2013.
  • Dan Katz: S-300 Surface-To-Air Missile System. Aerospace Daly & Defense Report, Aviation Week, August 2015.
  • Jerome Murray: The Surface-to-Air Missile System MSAM / MRADS / Vityas. Defense Threat Informations Group, DTIG, October 2007.

Web links

Individual evidence

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