Asters monk
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Aster monk ( Cucullia asteris ) |
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| ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775) |
The aster monk ( Cucullia asteris ), sometimes also spelled aster monk or called aster brown monk, is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the owl butterflies (Noctuidae). The specific epithet refers to the genus of asters , which is a food plant for caterpillars.
features
butterfly
The moths reach a wingspan of 38 to 50 millimeters. The reddish-brown front and inner edge of the same color stand out from the light gray to violet-gray colored forewings . Ring and kidney defects are poorly developed, narrow, outlined in dark brown and filled with light brown. The indistinct outer transverse line forms a whitish half-moon spot in front of the inner edge. The hind wings are brownish-gray in color, darkened at the edge and show darkly protruding veins and white fringes. On the head there is a pointed head of brown hair pointing forward.
Caterpillar
Adult caterpillars occur in different colored morphs. They are usually greenish in color and show a yellow, black bordered back line as well as wide yellow vertical stripes. In addition, there are occasional specimens with a wide, purple-colored side stripe. The stigmas are bordered in white and black. The whitish, light green, pink or cream colored head is covered with many small black dots.
Doll
The pupa is tinted yellow, although the wing sheaths shimmer green. The trunk sheath stands out clearly. The cremaster is flat.
Similar species
Cucullia amota differs in its lighter overall appearance and the narrower forewings with a more pronounced gray tint. There is also a certain similarity to the butterflies of the verbasci species group, for example the mullein monk ( Cucullia verbasci ), all of which, however, lack the purple over-dusting on the forewings.
distribution and habitat
The species occurs in central areas of Europe, north to the Central England , Denmark , southern Sweden and southern Finland , south to the southern edge of the Pyrenees , Alps and Carpathians and further to the Ukrainian Black Sea coast and the Caucasus . In the east, the distribution extends to Transcaucasia , northern Iran and western Siberia to the Tian Shan . Specimens from Kazakhstan belong to the subspecies Cucullia asteris heptapotamica . Older data for the area around the Amur and from Japan probably refer to related species. The aster monk is found predominantly in sunny hilly areas, heaths, on warm slopes as well as in wastelands and gardens. The distribution in the Alps reaches up to heights of 1500 meters.
Way of life
The species forms one generation a year, the adults of which can be found from mid-May to early August. They are crepuscular and nocturnal, but rarely visit artificial light sources . The caterpillars feed mainly on the leaves and flowers of the golden aster ( Galatella linosyris ), lime aster ( Aster amellus ), beach aster ( Tripolium pannonicum ), common goldenrod ( Solidago virgaurea ) and other goldenrod species ( Solidago ). They live between June and September and also spend the day on the food plants. In late summer they pupate in the ground, where the pupae overwinter and sometimes linger for another year.
Danger
The aster monk occurs in Germany in different numbers in the individual federal states and is classified as "endangered" on the red list of endangered species . In Baden-Württemberg the species is on the warning list. While the moths are rarely observed in some areas, the caterpillars are sometimes harmful on garden asters.
Individual evidence
- ^ Arnold Spuler: The butterflies of Europe. Volume 1 E. Schweitzerbartsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 1908, p. 269
- ↑ Gábor Ronkay & László Ronkay: Cucullinae I . In: Michael Fibiger, Martin R. Honey, W. Gerald Tremevan (Eds.): Noctuidae Europaeae . tape 6 . Entomological Press, Sorø 1994, ISBN 87-89430-03-4 (English). , Pp. 119/120
- ↑ a b c Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 , p. 178.
- ↑ a b c d Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition. tape 6 . Moth IV. Noctuidae 2nd part. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1997, ISBN 3-8001-3482-9 . , Pp. 196-200
- ↑ Markku Savela: Tanaecia Butler (1869) - distribution. In: Lepidoptera and some other life forms. Retrieved September 18, 2018 .
- ↑ Wachlin, Volker; Bolz, Ralf (2011): Red list and total list of species of owl butterflies, bearer moths and gray owls (Lepidoptera noctuoidea) in Germany. In: Binot-Hafke, M .; Balzer, S .; Becker, N .; et al .: Red List of Endangered Animals, Plants and Fungi in Germany. Volume 3: Invertebrates (Part 1). Münster (Agricultural Publishing House). - Nature conservation and biodiversity, ISBN 9783784352312 , p. 204
- ↑ Manfred Koch : We identify butterflies. Volume 3: Owls. 2nd, expanded edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1972, DNB 760072930 , pp. 122-123.
literature
- Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition. tape 6 . Moth IV. Noctuidae 2nd part. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1997, ISBN 3-8001-3482-9 .
- Gábor Ronkay & László Ronkay: Cucullinae I . In: Michael Fibiger, Martin R. Honey, W. Gerald Tremevan (Eds.): Noctuidae Europaeae . tape 6 . Entomological Press, Sorø 1994, ISBN 87-89430-03-4 (English).
Web links
- Lepiforum e. V. - Taxonomy and photos
- www.pyrgus.de - Butterflies and their ecology
- Cucullia asteris at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved September 18, 2018