Papuan narrow mouth frogs

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Papuan narrow mouth frogs
Paedophryne feces

Paedophryne feces

Systematics
Row : Land vertebrates (Tetrapoda)
without rank: Amphibians (Lissamphibia)
Order : Frog (anura)
Subordination : Neobatrachia
Family : Narrow-mouth frogs (Microhylidae)
Subfamily : Papuan narrow mouth frogs
Scientific name
Asterophryinae
Günther , 1858

The Papuan narrow-mouth frogs (Asterophryinae) are a subfamily of the narrow-mouth frogs (Microhylidae). It currently comprises 18 genera and with 331 species is by far the most species-rich of the 13 subfamilies within the close-mouthed frog family with around half of all species.

features

A special feature ( synapomorphism ) of the subfamily Papuan narrow-mouth frogs is the direct development of the young frogs from the eggs without going through a tadpole stage in the water. There are other families of frogs, including the Strabomantidae , that develop directly, but they belong to different kin groups.

Most of the species are very small. With Paedophryne amauensis , the world's smallest terrestrial vertebrate belongs to the Papuan narrow-mouth frogs. The bone structure is reduced in some species, especially with regard to the number of phalanges and toes. Aphantophryne and Paedophryne have only seven vertebrae lying in front of the sacrum instead of eight like the other members of the subfamily, in which this reduction of the spine only occurs occasionally in individual individuals.

distribution

This subfamily is largely endemic to the island of New Guinea and neighboring islands such as the Admiralty Islands , the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands . The genus Gastrophrynoides , which used to belong to the subfamily of the narrow-mouthed frogs in the narrower sense , is now also placed in the subfamily of the Papuan narrow-mouthed frogs , according to recent molecular genetic findings. Its distribution area covers parts of Borneo and enough with the way Gastrophrynoides immaculatus down to the Malaysian mainland. The distribution of the genus Oreophryne on Southeast Asian islands such as the Philippines , Sulawesi and Bali extends beyond the main distribution area in New Guinea.

Way of life

Since the subfamily includes both ground-living and semi-aquatic and tree-dwelling forms, there is a wide range of ecological requirements within the group. The ecological range is much larger than in other subfamilies of the narrow-mouthed frogs and even in other families of amphibians . Many of these ecological types have arisen several times independently of one another within the Papuan narrow-mouth frogs. With the adaptation to different habitats there was also a great morphological diversity within the subfamily.

Systematics

The subfamily of the Papuan narrow-mouth frogs currently comprises 18 genera with 331 species. In his 1934 monograph on the narrow-mouthed frogs, Parker only counted nine genera in this subfamily. In the 21st century, new genera were added again and again, be it that these were newly discovered, were placed in this group from other subfamilies or were created by splitting up existing genera. The reason for these revisions is the effort of scientists to put together monophyletic groups. The subfamily Genyophryninae was united with the Papuan narrow-mouth frogs in 2006. Albericus , Aphantophryne and Copiula were separated from the genus Cophixalus , Albericus was merged with the genus Oreophryne in 2015 . The genera Oninia and Paedophryne were newly described in 2010. In 2009, Metamagnusia was composed of a newly discovered and a newly assigned species, Pseudocallulops were assigned to two species in the same work. However, these two genera were dissolved again in 2017 and their species were assigned to the genus Asterophrys . The genus Xenobatrachus was merged with the genus Xenorhina in 2006 , the genus Pherohapsis with the only species Pherohapsis menziesi was combined with the genus Mantophryne in 2013 . In 2018 the genera Siamophryne and Vietnamophryne were newly described.

Genera

The subfamily Asterophryinae comprises 18 genera with 331 species:

As of April 24, 2018

The genus Albericus Burton & Zweifel, 1995 merged with the genus Choerophryne . Molecular genetic studies had shown that Albericus was paraphyletic.

The genera Genyophryne Boulenger, 1890, Liophryne Boulenger, 1897 and Oxydactyla Van Kampen, 1913, were merged with Sphenophryne . The genus Metamagnusia Günther, 2009 now belongs to Asterophrys , as is the genus Pseudocallulops Günther, 2009.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Darrel R. Frost: Asterophryinae , Amphibian Species of the World, an Online Reference, Version 6.0, American Museum of Natural History, 1998-2017, accessed December 7, 2017
  2. ↑ a b Fred Kraus: New genus of diminutive microhylid frogs from Papua New Guinea. Zoo Keys, 48, pp. 39-59, 2010 doi : 10.3897 / zookeys.48.446
  3. ^ HW Parker: A monograph of the frogs of the family Microhylidae. British Museum (Natural History), London 1934
  4. ↑ a b c d R. Günther: Metamagnusia and Pseudocallulops, two new genera of microhylid frogs from New Guinea (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae). Zoosystematics and evolution, 85, pp. 171-187, 2009 doi : 10.1002 / zoos.200900002
  5. ^ Rainer Günther, Björn Stelbrink & Thomas von Rintelen: Oninia senglaubi, another new genus and species of frog (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) from New Guinea. Zoosyst. Evol., 86, 2, pp. 245-256, 2010 doi : 10.1002 / zoos.201000007
  6. ^ A b c J. Rivera, F. Kraus, A. Allison, MA Butler: Molecular phylogenetics and dating of the problematic New Guinea microhylid frogs (Amphibia: Anura) reveals elevated speciation rates and need for taxonomic reclassification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 112, pp. 1-11, 2017
  7. ↑ Darrel R. Frost, Taran Grant, Julián Faivovich, Raoul H. Bain, Alexander Haas, Celio FB Haddad, Rafael O. de Sá, A. Channing, Mark Wilkinson, Stephen C. Donnellan, Christopher J. Raxworthy, Jonathan A. Campbell, Boris L. Blotto, Paul E. Moler, Robert C. Drewes, Ronald A. Nussbaum, John D. Lynch, David M. Green, and Ward C. Wheeler: The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, pp. 1-370, 2006 full text
  8. ↑ LA Oliver, EN Rittmeyer, F. Kraus, SJ Richards & CC Austin: Phylogeny and phylogeography of Mantophryne (Anura: Microhylidae) reveals cryptic diversity in New Guinea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 67, pp. 600-607, 2013
  9. ^ Richard G. Zweifel & Fred Parker: New species of microhylid frogs from the Owen Stanley Mountains of Papua New Guinea and resurrection of the genus Aphantophryne. American Museum Novitates, 2954, pp. 1–20, 1989 ( PDF )
  10. ↑ Atsushi Kurabayashi, Masafumi Matsui, Daicus M Belabut, Hoi-Sen Yong, Norhayati Ahmad, Ahmad Sudin, Mitsuru Kuramoto, Amir Hamidy & Masayuki Sumida: From Antarctica or Asia? New colonization scenario for Australian-New Guinean narrow mouth toads suggested from the findings on a mysterious genus Gastrophrynoides. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11, 175, 2011 doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2148-11-175
  11. ↑ Chatmongkon Suwannapoom, M. Sumontha, J. Tunprasert, T. Ruangsuwan, Parinya Pawangkhanant, Dmitriy V. Korost & Nikolay A. Poyarkov, Jr .: A striking new genus and species of cave-dwelling frog (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae: Asterophryinae) from Thailand. PeerJ 4422, pp. 1–42, 2018
  12. ↑ Nikolay A. Poyarkov, Jr., Chatmongkon Suwannapoom, Parinya Pawangkhanant, Akrachai Aksornneam, Tang Van Duong, Dmitriy V. Korost & Jing Che: A New Genus and Three New Species of Miniaturized Microhylid Frogs from Indochina (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae: Asterophryinae). Zoological Research, 2018 DOI: 10.24272 / j.issn.2095-8137.2018.019
  13. ↑ Pedro LV Peloso, Darrel R. Frost, Stephen J. Richards, Miguel T. Rodrigues, Stephen Donnellan, Masafumi Matsui, Cristopher J. Raxworthy, SD Biju, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Alan R. Lemmon & Ward C. Wheeler: The impact of anchored phylogenomics and taxon sampling on phylogenetic inference in narrow-mouthed frogs (Anura, Microhylidae). Cladistics, 3, 1-28, March 2015 doi : 10.1111 / cla.12118

literature

  • Albert Günther : On the Systematic Arrangement of the Tailless Batrachians, and the Structure of Rhynophrynus dorsalis. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 26, pp. 339–352, 1858, p. 346 (first description as Asterophrydidae)

Web links

Commons : Papuan narrow-mouth frogs (Asterophryinae)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Family Microhylidae at Amphibiaweb
  • Darrel R. Frost: Asterophryinae , Amphibian Species of the World, an Online Reference, Version 6.0, American Museum of Natural History, 1998-2017, accessed December 7, 2017