Church of the Resurrection (Katowice)
The Church of the Resurrection in Katowice ( Polish: Kościół Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego) is a parish and episcopal church, cathedral of the Katowice diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .
location
The church building is east- facing and is located in the historical main street of the city, ul. Warszawska (formerly Friedrichstraße ), east of the ring in downtown Katowice .
history
In the course of the Counter-Reformation of the Habsburgs , Upper Silesia had largely returned to the Roman Catholic faith. After the region and with it Katowice fell to Prussia in 1742 ( Silesian Wars ) , the situation for Protestantism improved considerably. In the 19th century, in the course of industrialization , Katowice developed rapidly from a village to an industrial city. With the strong population increase, the Protestant part of the population also grew. At the beginning of the 19th century there were still 32 Protestants living in Katowice, who first belonged to the parish of Beuthen , which was re-established after the Reformation, and then to Königshütte .
Since 1854 the services have been celebrated in a prayer room in the Marthahütte . In 1856 the Evangelical Regional Church in Prussia (Old Prussian Union) finally founded the parish of Katowice, which included all of the neighboring towns and had 468 parishioners. At that time there was already a design by the architect Richard Lucae from Berlin (in collaboration with Friedrich August Stüler ) for a church building, the foundation stone of which was laid on July 17, 1856. The small Protestant community built the first stone church in Kattowitz, which can be explained by the fact that the city fathers Friedrich Wilhelm Grundmann and Richard Holtze as well as the landowner Hubert von Tiele-Winckler were of Protestant denomination and supported the building project. For example, Tiele-Winckler donated 5,000 thalers and provided the property for the new building. After two years of construction, the building was inaugurated on September 29, 1858. The completed Church of the Resurrection was a hall building in the tradition of Schinkel's round arch style or his Berlin suburban churches , with four window axes and a bell tower above the chancel.
From 1859 to 1860 a Protestant school was built next to the church. In 1875 it was finally followed by its own rectory. Soon the 304 seats were no longer enough for the growing community, which in 1883 had 3,475 souls. For this reason, during the first expansion of the church, which was carried out from 1887 to 1889 according to plans by the architect Paul Jackisch from Beuthen, the length of the nave was doubled by two window axes to 30 meters. The old facade was rebuilt and two low twin towers were added. Towards the end of the 19th century the number of parishioners grew to 10,000 and the church was expanded again in 1899/1900; a new transept , designed by the architect Friedrich Mettegang from Cologne , gave the church its present day appearance. With the newly created large galleries , there was seating for 1250 people. In 1901 three bells from the Ullrich company were purchased for 6,956 marks.
Although the vast majority of the population had spoken out in favor of remaining with Germany, Katowice fell to Poland in 1922. The 17 Protestant parishes of the old Prussian church province of Silesia in the ceded Eastern Upper Silesia formed the Uniate Evangelical Church in Polish Upper Silesia (Kościół Ewangelicko-Unijny na Polskim Górnym Śląsku) with around 30,000 members (as of 1936) and based in Katowice. The Church of the Resurrection was the main church of this regional church, which had the status of an old Prussian church province until the expiry of the German-Polish Agreement on Upper Silesia (Geneva Agreement) in 1937. In the interwar period, many Germans left the city and the number of community members shrank from 16,000 before the First World War to only 6,000.
When the city was conquered by the Wehrmacht in 1939, the soldiers were shot at from the tower of the Protestant church, as can be seen from a bullet hole in the smallest bell. After the Second World War and the expulsion of the majority of the German population, the community only had around 1,600 members, their place of worship was expropriated and given to the Roman Catholic Church. Like many other churches taken over by the Protestant Church after 1945, especially in the eastern regions of the German Empire , the Resurrection Church was now named after the Polish martyr and Jesuit Andreas Bobola . In 1947 the Protestant congregation managed to get the church back, which had to be renovated after the brief Catholic use. More recently, the interior painting has been restored.
architecture
Except for the transept extension from 1900 in neo-Romanesque and Art Nouveau forms, the Resurrection Church is a uniform hall building in the arched style. The natural stone facade of the church is flanked by two towers and, with the low entrance portico with three portals and the rose window, corresponds to the original building from 1856-58 . The main tower, the apse and part of the nave are part of Richard Lucae's core building .
The music gallery with the Sauer organ from 1922 is located above the entrance area .
The gallery extends in a U-shape along the walls of the nave to the crossing, where it meets the large galleries of the transept. The transept arms are optically separated from the main nave by elongated arcades. A painted, floral frieze forms the top of the wall, above which the painted wooden ceiling is attached. Only the choir, which is closed on five sides, has a vault. The stained glass windows in the choir were created by Reuter and Reichardt from Cologne. They show scenes from the Old and New Testaments as well as the coats of arms of the Thiele-Winckler founders. The wooden altarpiece of the Resurrection is the work of Artur Cieńciała. The pulpit with the representation of the four evangelists, however, dates from the 19th century.
Bells
The bells of the Ullrich company were hung in the bell tower on September 23, 1901.
| No. | inscription | Chime | Weight kg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | O land, land, land, hear the word of the Lord | it 1 | 1286 |
| 2 | Be reconciled to God | g 1 | 640 |
| 3 | Come because everything is ready | b 1 | 375.5 |
organ
The Sauer organ (opus 1240) of the Church of the Resurrection has a pneumatic playing and stop action . The romantic instrument has three manuals and is the largest in downtown Katowice with 52 registers .
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literature
- Parafia ewangelicka Zmartwychwstania Pańskiego w Katowicach. Głos Życia, Katowice 2002, ISBN 83-917580-1-X .
- Exhibition catalog Oblicza sztuki protestanckiej na Górnym Śląsku. Muzeum Śląskie , Katowice 1993, ISBN 83-85039-92-9 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Eduard Kneifel : History of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland . Self-published, Niedermarschacht 1964, p. 17.
- ^ Alfred Kleindienst , Oskar Wagner : Protestantism in the Republic of Poland 1918/19 to 1939 in the field of tension between nationality politics and state church law, church and national contrasts (= Marburg East Research; Vol. 42). J.-G.-Herder-Institut, Marburg an der Lahn 1985, ISBN 3-87969-179-7 , p. 436ff.
- ↑ See “German-Polish Agreement on Upper Silesia” (Upper Silesia Agreement, OSA) of May 15, 1922, in: Reichsgesetzblatt , 1922, Part II, p. 238ff.
- ↑ Disposition of the Sauer organ on organy.art.pl from May 5, 2003, accessed on October 22, 2014
Coordinates: 50 ° 15 ′ 32 ″ N , 19 ° 1 ′ 35 ″ E