Augsburg bear
| Augsburg bear | ||||||||||||
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Augsburg bear ( Arctia matronula ) |
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| Arctia matronula | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
The Augsburg bear ( Arctia matronula , syn .: Pericallia matronula ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the subfamily of the bear moth (Arctiinae).
The German name "Augsburger Bär" was created by local butterfly researchers in the 18th century , as there were many connections to Augsburg at the time. This is how the species occurred in the Lechauen near Augsburg. The Nuremberg naturalist and copper engraver August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof depicted the butterfly on a colored copper engraving that he received from the Ridinger family of Augsburg copper engravers. There are also copper engravings by the Augsburg entomologists Christian Friedrich Freyer and Jacob Huebner . Although the species no longer occurs in Augsburg today, the historical name has been retained.
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 65 to 80 millimeters, making them the largest central European bear moth. They have dark brown colored forewings with several differently shaped light cream colored spots along the front edge. Another small one is located near the anal angle. The hind wings are yellow to light orange, more rarely yellow and have several large black spots. The body is colored red, the head and thorax are darkly hairy, but also have red areas. A row of black dots runs along the back of the abdomen. The slightly lighter colored wings of the females are wider than those of the males. Her abdomen is also thicker.
The caterpillars are a maximum of 100 millimeters long and initially have a greenish-yellow body color and are hairy yellow and develop brown to black-gray and then have dense tufts of up to 15 millimeters long, dark red-brown and light-brown hair.
The doll is dark brown.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The animals are found in Central Europe and Central Eastern Europe . However, they are only found locally and very rarely in island-like occurrences that are far apart, such as in the Swabian Alb and in the lower parts of the Alps , for example in Upper Austria or Styria (for example in the Gesäuse National Park ). They live in very warm, humid and steep areas, which border on forests and thickets with tall bushes. They prefer rocky terrain close to water.
Way of life
The Augsburg bear has a two year development cycle. The moths of a year fly from mid-June to July. The moths are crepuscular and nocturnal, but occasionally also fly during the day. The males in particular are very easily attracted by artificial light at night. The females lay their whitish-green eggs in loose ice mirrors on the leaves of the forage plants. The caterpillars hatch from August of the first year; they hibernate twice. The caterpillar feeds on various deciduous shrubs as well as herbaceous plants. In the first year, preference is given to eating shrubs such as hazelnut ( Corylus ), raspberry ( Rubus idaeus ), common bird cherry ( Prunus padus ), ash ( Fraxinus ), oak ( Quercus ), willow ( Salix caprea ) and honeysuckle ( Lonicera ) , in the second year then ground herbs such as common dandelion . In May of the year after next, the caterpillars pupate in an extremely solid web in which they build their hair and parts of the plant.
This long development period and the rare occurrence of the animals result in a two-year cycle in which significantly fewer or no moths can be observed every other year.
Hazard and protection
The Augsburg bear is on the Red List of Endangered Species of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is listed there in category 1 (= threatened with extinction). The species is considered to be a culture fugitive.
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Individual evidence
- ↑ K. Rönka, J. Mappes, L. Kaila, N. Wahlberg: Putting Parasemia in its phylogenetic place: a molecular analysis of the subtribe Arctiina (Lepidoptera) . In: Systematic Entomology . tape 41 , 2016, p. 844-853 , doi : 10.1111 / syen.12194 .
- ^ Augsburger Stadtlexikon , Wißner Verlag, Augsburg 2010, online
- ^ Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition. tape 5 . Moth III. Sesiidae, Arctiidae, Noctuidae . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1997, ISBN 3-8001-3481-0 .
- ^ Heinz Habeler , Lepidopterologische Nachrichten aus der Steiermark, 20 (Lepidoptera), Joannea Zool. 8: 9-16 (2006)
- ↑ Manfred Koch : We identify butterflies. Volume 2: Bears, Spinners, Swarmers and Drills in Germany. 2nd, expanded edition. Neumann, Radebeul / Berlin 1964, DNB 452481929 , p. 80f.
- ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany. Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 978-3-896-24110-8 .
- ↑ Gerfried Deschka, Josef Wimmer, The Butterfly Fauna of the Cross Wall, Contribution. Naturk. Upper Austria, 2000
literature
- Heiko Bellmann : The new Kosmos butterfly guide. Butterflies, caterpillars and forage plants. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-440-09330-1 .
- Hans-Josef Weidemann, Jochen Köhler: Moths, Spinners and Swarmers . Naturbuch-Verlag, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-89440-128-1 .
