Car-free living

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The term car-free living denotes, on the one hand, the establishment of settlements, parts of settlements or residential complexes in which car traffic is largely kept out and no corresponding parking spaces are made available for the residents; on the other hand, it means living in them. A distinction is made between the car-free , car-reduced, optical car-free and parking-free neighborhoods .

Since such projects usually run counter to the local parking space regulations (exception, for example in Berlin: no parking space requirement according to § 50 BauOBln), attempts are being made to contractually bind the residents of such settlements to the freedom of cars or to organize them as associations in which the core requirements are met Members who do without their own car is. By saving driveways and parking spaces , the overall construction costs can be significantly reduced. The land consumption is also significantly lower. Even in residential complexes with more than eight medium-sized apartments, the required parking space can be larger than the minimum spacing of the state building regulations . The built settlements have a high outdoor quality. Public and semi-public areas in particular can be used more intensively because they are not blocked by cars. Other advantages of car-free living include safety and health aspects (air quality, noise, etc.). The disadvantage is the loss of comfort and possible loss of jobs in the auto industry.

history

Car-free factory estate in Wittenberg-Piesteritz

Older examples of car-free or low-car living come from the time when there was no mass motorization anyway. One of the largest car-free housing estates in Germany is the Piesteritz factory estate in Wittenberg, which was built between 1916 and 1919 and was renovated on the occasion of the Expo 2000 . In the Römerstadt settlement of the new Frankfurt in the 1920s, some streets were designed in such a way that they should be unattractive for motorized traffic. It was preferred to make streets narrower and to only provide waiting bays for oncoming traffic. A complete lockout of motorized traffic was rejected with reference to the garbage truck and furniture truck for removals.

In the GDR it was a common planning practice to separate the parking spaces from the actual residential use - without expressly describing this as “car-free” or “low-car living”. In the typical large housing estates of the 1970s and 80s ( WBS 70 ), there are often blocks of houses with hundreds of apartments on narrow streets with only a few parking spaces or even on pure footpaths. Instead, central parking facilities (such as garage yards) were placed on the edge of the respective area. In any case, the proportion of car owners was much lower. It was therefore more important to open up the settlements with public transport, which ran at frequent intervals.

Car-free area in Nuremberg-Langwasser

The beginnings of car-free living in today's sense go back to the 1970s. At that time, car-owning families tried to live without their car for a limited period of time. This gave rise to the idea of ​​creating a living environment appropriate to this lifestyle - car-free settlements. The 1976-87 construction area P in Nuremberg- Langwasser was the first car-free residential area in the Federal Republic of Germany.

In the 1990s, the first larger pilot projects were implemented in Amsterdam-Westerpark (initiation 1992, completion 1997) and Vienna - Floridsdorf (initiation 1995, completion Dec. 1999).

Traffic-calmed area in the partially car-free Quartier Vauban, Freiburg im Breisgau

The first car-free living projects implemented in Germany were in

  • Munich-Riem (completion of the first owner project in September 1999)
  • Hamburg-Winterhude (Saarlandstrasse settlement: condominiums and rental apartments in a cooperative, initiated in 1992, completion of the first construction phases in 2000, further construction phases under construction since 2008)
  • Freiburg-Vauban (initiated around 1994, construction of the first new houses started in 1998)
  • Köln-Nippes (Stellwerk 60 settlement: single-family houses, condominiums and rental apartments, completion of the first construction phases in 2006, the last in 2012)
  • Münster (Weißenburgsiedlung: initiated at state level, first occupancy in 2001, now 189 apartments,)

The implementation of such projects seems to make the most sense in locations that are close to the city center and are well connected to public transport . Meanwhile there are already built systems and initiatives for further projects in numerous cities in Europe.

In 2008, 77.1% of private households in Germany owned at least one car. In large cities such as B. Berlin and Hamburg only about every second household has a car. In the inner city areas the car-free is much higher than in the outskirts, where the public transport offer is less dense.

Parking space regulation

In some federal states (e.g. in Brandenburg ) the state building regulations have been changed in recent years to the effect that a state-wide uniform parking space requirement no longer exists. Instead, the municipalities can issue parking regulations. An obligation to build parking spaces then only exists in municipalities that make use of this authorization. In some cases, for reasons of transport policy, no minimum numbers are set for the creation of parking spaces in areas with good public transport. In some inner-city areas, maximum numbers are even set for parking spaces in order to reduce vehicle traffic.

See also

Web links

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  1. http://www.autofrei.de/index.php/so- geht-autofrei/autofrei-wohnen/typologie-autofreier- wohngebiet
  2. - ( Memento of the original from November 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Building regulations for Berlin (BauO Bln), of September 29, 2005 (GVBl. P. 495), last amended by § 9 of the law of June 7, 2007 (GVBl. P. 222) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de
  3. http://www.wohnen-ohne-auto.de/publ_stellplatzkosten “Stellplatzkosten”, practical work by Bettina Hauber, Wohnen ohne Auto (WoA), May 2001
  4. Anja Krüger: Comment on driving ban for diesel cars: car ban instead of car madness . In: The daily newspaper: taz . October 16, 2018, ISSN  0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed November 5, 2018]).
  5. Volker Wassmuth: Modeling the effects of traffic-reducing settlement concepts. Institute for Transportation, University of Karlsruhe 2001, p. 18.
  6. ^ Martin Schieber: History of Nuremberg. CH Beck, Munich 2007, p. 174.
  7. ^ Bernd Windsheimer: 90 Years of Building in Nuremberg - wbg 1918–2008. Sandberg Verlag, 2008, p. 121.
  8. "Phantom or Reality - The search for the urban development model of a car-free residential area GWL-Terrein in Amsterdam-Westerpark", by Markus Neppl, April 1997
  9. http://www.gwl-terrein.nl/files/artikelen/GWL_terreinbrochure_eigentijdse_ecologie_2000.pdf
  10. Archive link ( Memento of the original from October 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot /wohnbauforschung.at
  11. Archived copy ( memento of the original dated December 16, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schindler-szedenik.at
  12. Model Riem on www.wohnen-ohne-auto.de ( Memento of the original from March 13, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wohnen-ohne-auto.de
  13. - ( Memento of the original from November 10, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wohnwarft.de
  14. Archive link ( Memento of the original dated February 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / autofreieswohnen.de
  15. http://www.stellwerk60.de/index.php?id=111  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.stellwerk60.de  
  16. Archived copy ( memento of the original from May 20, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mobilitaetsmanagement.nrw.de
  17. Archive link ( Memento of the original from August 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. car-free projects in Germany, Europe and worldwide @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wohnen-ohne-auto.de
  18. ^ Income and Consumption Sample (EVS) 2008 - Households equipped with cars
  19. http://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/pms/2008/08-12-22a.pdf  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Press release no. 350 of December 22, 2008: "First results of the 2008 income and expenditure sample in Berlin (EVS 2008)"@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de  
  20. http://www.statistik-nord.de/uploads/tx_standocuments/O_II_j03.pdf "Income and consumption sample 2003", equipment of private households with selected durable consumer goods on January 1st, 2003
  21. ↑ Control effectively with the parking space regulations - documentation. gruene-hessen.de, accessed on May 28, 2012 .