Aventine Triassic
In the Roman religion, the Aventine Triassic is a triad formed by the deities Ceres , Liber and Libera . It is a plebeian counterpart to the Capitoline Triassic formed by the gods Jupiter , Juno and Minerva , whose priesthood was dominated by the patricians . The triad is supposed to correspond to the Eleusinian trinity of Demeter , Iakchos and Kore .
The name refers to the temple of Ceres on the Aventine . According to tradition, the cult was established after 493 BC. In the early days of the Roman Republic on the basis of a vow made by the dictator Postumius Balbus after rebellious plebeians left the city and settled on the Aventine. The introduction of the Festival of Liberalia in honor of Libers is likely to have taken place in this early period .
The temple, in which each of the three deities had their own cella , was located near the Circus Maximus . A localization under the church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin is considered unlikely, the temple on the western slope of the Aventine above the circus is suspected.
The priesthood included the Flamen Cerealis , one of the twelve Flamines minores , and in the beginning the plebeian aediles as temple keepers, hence their name, namely from aedes ("temple"). It was also the aediles who organized the festival of Ceres, the ludi Ceriales that took place every year from April 12th to 19th . On the main festival day, April 19th, there was a horse race and foxes with burning torches on their tails were let loose in the circus.
In the temple there was also an archive, originally the archive for the plebiscites , the decisions of the concilium plebis , and later the Roman state archive .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dionysius of Halicarnassus , Antiquitates Romanae 6,17,3-4. Tacitus , Annales 2.49.
- ^ A b Fritz Graf : Ceres. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 2, Metzler, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-476-01472-X , Sp. 1070-1074.
- ^ Dionysios of Halicarnassus, Antiquitates Romanae 6,69.
- ↑ Titus Livius , Ab urbe condita 30,39,8. Ovid , Fasti 4,393f .; 4,679-712.