Béla Illés (writer)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Béla Illés (born March 22, 1895 in Kassa , Austria-Hungary ; died January 5, 1974 in Budapest ) was a communist Hungarian writer .

Life

Béla Illés studied law at the Eötvös Loránd University and was awarded a Juris Utriusque Doctorate in 1916 . He wrote for the literary magazine Nyugat . Illés was a soldier in the First World War. As a supporter of the Hungarian Soviet Republic , he had to flee to Vienna in 1919 and was subsequently unable to return to the Kingdom of Hungary , which was ruled authoritatively by Miklós Horthy . In 1920/21 he wrote for the socialist newspaper Munkás Újság in what is now Romanian Transylvania and was expelled from there to Czechoslovakia . In 1923 he stayed in Vienna again and then went to the Soviet Union , from which he was only able to return twenty years later. He became a protégé of the writer Dmitri Andreevich Furmanov and in 1927 he became secretary of the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (RAPP), when it was dissolved, he was also secretary of the Union of Writers of the USSR . At its first congress in Moscow in 1934 he was allowed to give a speech. He fell out of favor during the Stalinist purges and even lost his membership in the CPSU for a period in 1940 . After the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 he became a private in the Red Army and after the Battle of Moscow he was again an officer and a member of the party again.

In 1944/45 he took part in the Battle of Budapest . In 1949 he was promoted to captain of the Red Army.

In what was now communist Hungary, he was not particularly valued by either the culture minister József Révai or György Lukács . But he was used as the writer of the mass articles to glorify the communist system and the Soviet Union. He himself took on the role of model for literary socialist realism . In 1948 he (invented) the story of the Belarusian cavalry captain Alexej Gusew, who in 1848 opposed the tsarist intervention in the suppression of the 1848 revolution in Hungary and was executed for it. This story was to put the Soviet-Hungarian relationship on a new basis at the one hundred year commemoration celebrated in Hungary. His writing was printed en masse, and streets were named after Gusev.

Illés became a member of the board of the Hungarian-Soviet Society and the Hungarian Writers' Union under József Darvas . He was the publishing director of the traditional Athenaeum publishing house and was editor-in-chief of the Irodalmi Újság newspaper from 1950 to 1956 . From 1957 to 1959 he wrote for the literary magazine Élet és Irodalom . Illés wrote the official biography of the Hungarian party leader and dictator Mátyás Rákosi . He embellished his biography, made it a bit poorer and more proletarian, and suppressed his bourgeois, Jewish origins, the latter also from himself. During the de-Stalinization from 1952 he came under criticism, which Lajos Kassák presented at the 1953 writers' congress. After the suppression of the Hungarian uprising in 1956, under the new party leader János Kádár, his political influence declined further and he had more time to write his books.

Illés received the state Kossuth Prize in 1950 and again in 1955 as recognition .

Grave on the Kerepesi temető

Fonts (selection)

The translations are not (yet) all assigned

  • Spartacus élete . 1919
  • Nikolai Suhaj: Histor. Ore from d. J. 1920-21 . Translation by Stefan J. Klein. Frankfurt a. M.: The Taifun-Verlag, 1924
  • Stepan's carpet: an ore from d. Life d. Volga Germans . Translation by Stefan J. Klein. Berlin: Association of International Publishing Companies, 1925
  • Red fairy tale . Translation by Stefan J. Klein. Illustr. Paula Kupka . Moscow: Zentral-Völker-Verlag of the Soviet Union, 1925
  • Ég a Tisza . Preface by Béla Kun . 1929
    • Burning Theiss: Roman . Preface by Béla Kun . Translation Géza Engl. Berlin: Dietz, 1959
  • Kárpáti rapszódia .
  • The Carpathians are shaking . Authoris. Translation by A. Krejcsi. Zurich: Ring-Verlag, 1933
    • Carpathian rhapsody . Emerich Roboz in Romanian. Berlin: Dietz, 1951
    • Höhenfeuer: From d. Trilogy "Carpathian Rhapsody" . Vienna: Globus-Verlag, 1948
  • The dress rehearsal: The novel d. Hungarian revolution . Authorized translation Fedja Freiberg; Haga rust. Moscow: literature distribution f. foreign Workers in the USSR, 1929
  • In spite of all! Author. Translated from d. Ung. v. A. Krejcsi. Zurich: Ring-Verlag, 1934
  • The rifle: 3 novellas . Moscow: literature distribution f. foreign Workers in the USSR, 1933
  • Six hammer blows and other stories . Engels: Dt. State Publishing House, 1935
  • Fire in the metro . Translation. Ill. V. Stylus. Zurich: Ring-Verlag, 1935
  • Új bor (1945)
  • Erdei emberek (1945)
  • Zsatkovics Gergely királysága (1946)
  • Szkipetárok: regény . Budapest: Új Idők Irodalmi Intézet, cop. 1946
    • In the mountains of the Skypetaren: Roman . Emerich Roboz in Romanian. Vienna: Globus-Verlag, 1947
  • Fegyvert és vitézt éneklek (1949)
    • A song of weapons and heroes: a novel . Translation of Géza Engl. Berlin: Dietz, 1955
  • Honfoglalás . Budapest: Szépirodalmi kvk., 1952
  • For the freedom of the Hungarian people: From d. Life d. Enjoyed Matyas Rakosi . Zurich: Literature Distribution Cooperative, 1952
    • Land grab: Roman . Translation Géza Engl. Berlin: Dietz, 1956
  • Harminchat esztendő (1956)
  • Válaszúton (1958)
    • Because they are good people: stories . Compiled from: Harminchat esztendö and Válaszúton. Translation Bruno Heilig. Berlin: Dietz, 1960
  • Anekdoták Königyve (1960)
    • I am a tidy person: encounters a. Events from d. Life e. Revolutionary . Translation Bruno Heilig . Berlin: Dietz, 1962
  • Válogatott elbeszélések . Budapest: Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó, 1962.
  • The assassination: narration . Translation Bruno Heilig. Afterword Friedhilde Krause . Leipzig: Reclam, 1963
  • Lövészárokban (1966)
  • Pipafüst mellett (1967)
  • Vér nem válik vízzé . Contains szkipetárok  ; Fegyvert s vitézt éneklek  ; A vígszínházi csata . Budapest: Szépirod. K., 1973.
  • Varázsló inasok (1978)

literature

  • István Vasvári: Kortársak Illés Béláról Bibliográfia . Budapest: Fővárosi Szabó Ervin Könyvtár, 1965.
  • Árpád von Klimó : 'A Very Modest Man': Béla Illés, or How to Make a Career Through the Leader Cult , in: Balazs Apor u. a. (Ed.) The leader cult in communist dictatorships. Stalin and the Eastern Bloc . Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004 ISBN 1-4039-3443-6 , pp. 47-62.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Árpád by Klimó: A Very Modest Man , 2004
  2. ↑ a b c Árpád von Klimó: From Mars to the Danube. The Rittmeister Alexander Gussew , in: Silke Satjukow ; Rainer Gries (Hrsg.): Socialist heroes: a cultural history of propaganda figures in Eastern Europe and the GDR . Berlin: Ch. Links, 2002 ISBN 3-86153-271-9 , pp. 220-234
  3. ↑ The Guszev monument by the sculptor Sándor Mikus was removed in Budapest in 1997.
    For Gusew see also     hu: Guszev kapitány in the Hungarian Wikipedia
personal data
SURNAME Illés, Béla
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian writer
DATE OF BIRTH March 22, 1895
PLACE OF BIRTH Košice
DATE OF DEATH 5th January 1974
Place of death Budapest