Béla Scheffler

Béla Scheffler , also Schefler , Russian Бела Михайлович Шефлер (* 1902 , † November 20, 1942 in Kommunarka ), was a Soviet architect .

Life

Scheffler's origin is unclear. Apparently he came from a Jewish family in Austria-Hungary and was born as Abram Schaiber . He grew up in Minsk and / or Chmielnik in Poland .

Scheffler studied architecture at the Bauhaus Dessau , where he became assistant to the master architect Hannes Meyer . The group of young architects around Hannes Meyer realized the Törten settlement project for the construction of the arcade houses in Dessau , with Scheffler being one of the site managers. Five multi-storey residential buildings with hollow clinker bricks, reinforced concrete beams and steel windows with 18 apartments for four people each, which were handed over in the summer of 1930, were built. As early as 1927, Scheffler had founded the first KPD cell at the Bauhaus (with him as first secretary), which quickly found supporters and whose newspaper bauhaus: sprachrohr der Studenten was published from May 1930 to November 1932.

As Meyer was dismissed on 1 August 1930 by Dessauer mayor for political reasons, were traveling from October 1930 to March 1931 Meyer and his seven students Scheffler, Anton Urban, René man, Klaus Meumann, Konrad Püschel , Philipp Tolziner and Tibor Weiner in the Soviet Union to Moscow , with the fluent Russian-speaking Scheffler serving as interpreter. Due to the high level of appreciation for the Bauhaus, Meyer became professor and Scheffler lecturer. Scheffler took on Soviet citizenship and joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). They applied for admission to the All-Russian Association of Proletarian Architects (WOPRA) and prepared two Bauhaus exhibitions in Moscow and Kharkov . The group, known as the Red Bauhaus Brigade , took part in projects of the Trust for higher individual and standardized school buildings (GIPROWTUS) . Soon the brigade disbanded to individually join Russian collectives .

Scheffler was posted to Sverdlovsk for a year in 1932 to build the Uralmash machine factory. Scheffler worked in the area of the Sozgorod , the housing estate projected for the Uralmash in 1927 for 25,000 people. He was instrumental in the plant management buildings, the Hotel Madrid , the first ten-class school, the pavilion of the stadium vanguard , three large houses and especially the trading house with dining rooms, library, auditorium and cinema, which as Little Bauhaus in the Urals called has been.

Scheffler stayed there, married and had two children. In March 1937, Scheffler was expelled from the CPSU by the Sverdlovsk Party Committee because he was illegally admitted at the time, but was reinstated in January 1938, only to be arrested by the NKVD on February 11, 1938 . He was released on May 11, 1939 and was able to resume his old position. In 1941 he was arrested again, expelled from the CPSU and sentenced on October 3, 1942 as an agent of German espionage to the maximum penalty of death by shooting . He was on the execution site Kommunarka the NKVD (the summer residence Genrikh Grigorievich Yagoda executed).

On January 16, 1989, Scheffler was rehabilitated on the orders of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR , and the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU posthumously ascertained the legality of his party membership.

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b Éva Forgács: The Bauhaus Idea and Bauhaus Politics . Central European University Press, Budapest / London / New York 1995, ISBN 1-85866-013-0 , p. 178.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Шефлер, Бела Михайлович in the Russian Wikipedia
↑ ^a ^b The Book of Remembrance: Schefler, Bela Michailowitsch (Schaiber, Abram Karlowitsch) (Russian, accessed on November 19, 2015)
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Astrid Volpert: A name ^{that has}disappeared returns . (accessed on November 19, 2015)
^ Patrick Rössler: The Bauhaus and Public Relations: Communication in a Permanent State of Crisis . Routledge , London 2014.
^ Folke Dietzsch: On some aspects of the internationality of the Bauhaus and its student body . In: Scientific journal of the University of Architecture and Construction. Weimar 33 (1987) 4/5/6, pp. 330-331.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Nina Obuchowa: BM Scheffler and his traces in the Sverdlovsk Uralmash . (accessed on November 19, 2015)
↑ Astrid Volpert: “Bauhaus in the Urals” - fields of history as reflected in the preservation of communal buildings of the modern age in the post-Soviet space . In: ICOMOS - booklets of the German National Committee. Volume 48 (2010), pp. 60-65.

personal data
SURNAME	Scheffler, Béla
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Шефлер, Бела Михайлович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	soviet architect
DATE OF BIRTH	1902
DATE OF DEATH	November 20, 1942
Place of death	Kommunarka

[eva-1] A ^b Éva Forgács: The Bauhaus Idea and Bauhaus Politics . Central European University Press, Budapest / London / New York 1995, ISBN 1-85866-013-0 , p. 178.

[wik-2] Шефлер, Бела Михайлович in the Russian Wikipedia

[buc-3] The Book of Remembrance: Schefler, Bela Michailowitsch (Schaiber, Abram Karlowitsch) (Russian, accessed on November 19, 2015)

[ast-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Astrid Volpert: A name ^{that has}disappeared returns . (accessed on November 19, 2015)

[5] Patrick Rössler: The Bauhaus and Public Relations: Communication in a Permanent State of Crisis . Routledge , London 2014.

[6] Folke Dietzsch: On some aspects of the internationality of the Bauhaus and its student body . In: Scientific journal of the University of Architecture and Construction. Weimar 33 (1987) 4/5/6, pp. 330-331.

[nin-7] Nina Obuchowa: BM Scheffler and his traces in the Sverdlovsk Uralmash . (accessed on November 19, 2015)

[8] Astrid Volpert: “Bauhaus in the Urals” - fields of history as reflected in the preservation of communal buildings of the modern age in the post-Soviet space . In: ICOMOS - booklets of the German National Committee. Volume 48 (2010), pp. 60-65.