Bürgerspitalkirche St. Blasius
The former Bürgerspitalkirche and today's Roman Catholic parish church of St. Blasius (which was occasionally called the Holy Spirit Church) is located in Salzburg directly on the Mönchsberg next to the western end of Getreidegasse and next to the old Gstättentor in the old town and was built as a hospital church. Together with the Heilig-Kreuz-Münster zu Schwäbisch Gmünd, it is the oldest hall church in southern Germany. The church is a listed building and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Historic Center of the City of Salzburg .
history
The Admont monks built a first chapel here in 1185 on their land near the Gstättentor on the northern edge of the then city of Salzburg, which was consecrated to their patron saint and at the same time patron saint of the sick, St. Blaise (he was a doctor and bishop in Armenia). Archbishop Friedrich III. After the land swap with the monks, von Leibnitz had a hospital built here in 1327 for sick, old and ailing citizens of the city, which was supposed to ensure basic care and support. In 1330 the three-aisled church building with its ribbed vault was created for the new hospital. From the beginning, the church consisted of heavy, externally unplastered blocks from Nagelfluh . The church was provided with a very steep gable roof. 1410–1428 the gallery of the church was drawn in, the gallery parapet being designed as an openwork tracery. The new upper storey now served as a prayer choir for the beneficiaries , making the church a double church with two opposite entrances on the one hand for citizens and on the other for beneficiaries. The altar was now in the middle of the nave. In 1577 the vault above the gallery was renewed.
In the baroque period the church had 9 altars until Archbishop Hieronymus von Colloredo had some of the altars removed again in 1785 as part of a simpler redesign. In 1864 the church was renovated in the neo-Gothic style according to plans by Hugo Schneider. The neo-Gothic painting in the vault was removed in 1937, otherwise in 1947–1950.
An ornamental vault painting from the 16th century was rediscovered a few decades ago under old plaster. The south wall shows the risen Christ with the three Christian virtues of faith, love and hope.
The niche architecture on the east facade with the crucifixion group is of neo-Gothic origin and was created in 1866. The three glass windows in the northeast and the east window were created in 1947 by Albert Birkle . They show the work of the Holy Spirit, the proclamation of Mary, the offering in the temple and St. Blaise. The church bell was made by Andreas Gartner in 1680.
In 1811 the church became a parish church. Today it is the church of the parish of Salzburg-St. Blasius and belongs to the city dean of Salzburg of the archdiocese of Salzburg.
Bürgerspitalkirche
Altars
The classical high altar was built in 1785 based on a design by Louis (Ludwig) Genier, which was then carried out by Johann Högler. In the central niche it shows the crucifixion group with Mary and John and as an essay the Ark of the Covenant with two adoring angels. The pictures were painted by Franz de Paula Hitzl .
A particularly valuable work of art is the graceful late Gothic sacrament shrine, which was once used as a reliquary shrine. It has the shape of a filigree and elaborately designed Gothic church with a small bay window and is provided with four figural carved reliefs. This gem is attributed to the master of Mauterndorf. The miraculous image of Maria Plain can be found in a wooden frame in an altar niche .
The western side altar of the north wall shows St. Blaise in the altar sheet, a picture that Josef Jaud painted in 1853. The baroque older upper picture shows Saint Stephen.
The eastern side altar on the north wall has an altar panel with the image of Maria Immaculata by Franz Hellweger (painted in 1872) and an upper image of St. Anna.
The southern side altar shows the Adoration of the Magi as an altar sheet, a picture that Paul Troger painted in 1746 and the penitent Maria Magdalena as the upper picture. The side statues of the altar depict St. John the Evangelist and St. John the Baptist. They were designed by Josef Anton Pfaffinger .
organ
The organ was built in 1894 by the organ builder Albert Mauracher . The instrument has 18 stops on two manuals and a pedal. The playing and stop actions are mechanical.
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- Coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P
Gothic hall
The former prayer choir of the benefactors is now largely separated from the church and known to Salzburg residents as the Gothic Hall . It has been used as a concert hall for the Salzburg Advent Serenades since 1987. The hall has a star ridge vault with flat plaster ribs. The easternmost part of the former benefactor's choir is now used as a church gallery, separated from the rest of the hall by a wall.
Citizens Hospital (Admonter Hof)
The old citizen hospital, also called Admonter Hof , consists of four wings that are grouped around a closed courtyard. The core of the oldest tracts date from the time the Blasius Church was built. These hospital wings have been enlarged several times. In 1560 the hospital was expanded into the Mönchsberg, whereby on the Mönchsberg in front of the newly created cells for the Pfründner arbor arches with cross vaults lead to the outside. These neat arcades in the inner courtyard are a special sight for tourists. The hospital was expanded again in 1570 with the Pfründnerhaus. The street wing was built towards the end of the 18th century.
The hospital was abandoned in 1898 and partially destroyed by bomb damage in 1944, with the old structure being largely restored after the war. Today the old town hospital is partly used by the Salzburg Museum Carolino Augusteum . The well-known, well-visited Salzburg Toy Museum and the Instrument Museum are housed here.
This building is also a listed building .
The former St. Blasius cemetery
This cemetery was probably created together with the citizens' hospital. It was reserved for hospital residents only and was closed in 1788. Various magnificent tombstones have been preserved to this day and were placed along the wall in front of the entrance to the Gothic Hall, such as the tombstone of Katharina Stainhauser († 1599) with two angels holding the coat of arms and the tombstone with the coat of arms of the Kaserer. Old gravestones from the 17th and 18th centuries are set into the floor.
literature
- Georg Stadler: St. Blasius (= Christian art institutions No. 146). Salzburg 1960.
Web links
proof
- Lieselotte von Eltz-Hoffmann: The churches of Salzburg. Verlag Anton Pustet, Salzburg 1993, ISBN 3-7025-0308-0 , p. OA
- Bernd Euler, Ronald Gobiet, Horst Huber: Dehio Salzburg - City and Country. Verlag Anton Schroll & Co., Vienna 1986, ISBN 3-7031-0599-2 , p. OA
- Bürgerspitalkirche St. Blasius . In: Salzburger Nachrichten : Salzburgwiki .
- ↑ St. Blasius Church - former Bürgerspitalkirche ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , stadt-salzburg.at
- ^ ' Catholic parish church Sankt Blasius , organ database for the organ.
Coordinates: 47 ° 48 ′ 0.5 ″ N , 13 ° 2 ′ 23 ″ E