BK virus
| BK virus | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Human polyomavirus 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| HPyV-1 | ||||||||||||||||||
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The BK virus ( human polyomavirus 1 , BK polyomavirus , John Cunningham virus ; abbreviation: HPyV-1, formerly BKPyV, BKV) belongs together with the SV-40 virus ( SV40 virus ) and the JC virus to the family of Polyomaviridae and therein to the genus Betapolyomavirus . The BK virus is a DNA virus and was first isolated in 1971 in the urine of a kidney transplant patient with the initials BK, hence the name given to the virus.
meaning
In healthy ( immunocompetent ) people, a BK virus infection is of no relevance. There is no known specific clinical picture that is triggered by an infection, not even for the primary infection. In contrast, a BK virus infection can lead to serious problems in immunocompromised patients. In kidney transplant people, the BK virus can lead to a gradual deterioration in function and ultimately even to the loss of the transplant by causing a so-called BK nephropathy . The BK virus is also often found in the urine in the late-onset form of hemorrhagic cystitis after bone marrow transplantation .
Epidemiology
The infection rate of the normal population with the BK virus and the JC virus is over 75%. The BK virus is transmitted by smear infections with urine, droplet infection or contaminated drinking water. It persists in the kidneys and in the central nervous system, the transmission can only take place when the virus is being excreted, which only occurs when the immune system is weakened (e.g. during pregnancy).
Diagnosis
The detection of BK viruses in blood, urine or liquor is carried out by detecting their DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Due to the high level of infection in the population, antibody determinations for BK virus are not very meaningful. Since patients with a weakened immune system often have increased viral DNA levels, positive PCR results for BK viruses can also be obtained if there is no corresponding clinical picture. The actual diagnostic value of PCR is that it can be used to rule out infection.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Human polyomavirus 1 , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ↑ José Carlos Mann Prado, Telma Alves Monezi, Aline Teixeira Amorim, Vanesca Lino, Andressa Paladino, Enrique Boccardo: Human polyomaviruses and cancer: an overview . In: Clinics (Sao Paulo), 73 (Suppl 1), p. E558s, doi: 10.6061 / clinics / 2018 / e558s , PMC 6157077 (free full text), PMID 30328951 (online September 26, 2018), Fig. 1
- ↑ Ugo Moens, Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer, Chris Lauber, Torbjörn Ramqvist, Mariet CW Feltkamp, Matthew D. Daugherty, Ernst J. Verschoor, Bernhard Ehlers: ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Polyomaviridae . In: J Gen Virol. , 98 (6), pp. 1159–1160, doi: 10.1099 / jgv.0.000839 , PMC 5656788 (free full text), PMID 28640744 , June 22, 2017
- ↑ dsDNA Viruses> Polyomaviridae . In: ICTV Report from June 2017, revised in July 2018, Table 2A
- ↑ SD Gardner, AM Field, DV Coleman, B. Hulme: New human papovavirus (BK) isolated from urine after renal transplantation . In: The Lancet , 1971, 1, pp. 1253-1257. PMID 4104714
- ↑ HH Hirsch, W Knowles, M Dickenmann et al. : Prospective study of polyomavirus type BK replication and nephropathy in renal-transplant recipients . In: N Engl J Med , 2002, 347, pp. 488-496. PMID 12181403
