Railway depot Berlin-Schöneweide

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Roundhouse with museum steam locomotives

The depot Schoeneweide located in the district Niederschoeneweide in Berlin 's Treptow-Koepenick and served from 1906 to 1998 of vehicle entertainment. It has been used by several railway associations since the mid-1990s.

The structures are now a listed building .

prehistory

The Berlin – Cottbus line was opened in 1866 , two years later the “Neuer Krug” stop was created on the site of today's Schöneweide train station . Between 1886 and 1888 a marshalling yard was built east of it . Due to industrialization, traffic on the Görlitzer Bahn increased fivefold by 1904, so that the marshalling yard had to be expanded and largely rebuilt.

Construction of the depot

The increasing rail traffic also made the construction of a depot (short form: depot, abbreviation: Bw) necessary. In addition, the route from Görlitzer Bahnhof to Grünau was raised up by the filling of a dam and thus led to road traffic without crossing. The excavation that was used was the construction of the Teltow Canal and Britzer Branch Canal, which were used to relieve inland waterway traffic. The depot was put into operation in 1906 together with the new platform system.

Buildings and systems

Originally, the depot consisted of a turntable with a twelve-hour roundhouse , water tower , coaling crane and two administration buildings.

In order to enable the use of newer and longer standard locomotives in addition to the regional railway locomotives and because of the rapidly increasing rail traffic, the Deutsche Reichsbahn carried out a further expansion. Among other things, a 23 m long turntable was installed, the locomotive shed was expanded to 20 stands and the existing stands were structurally extended.

Around 1930, a four-sided rectangular shed was built for wagon repairs, workshops and another administrative building. The planned second roundhouse was not realized.

The Schöneweide marshalling yard was also bombed during the Second World War . The damage to the depot was limited, however, so that passenger and freight traffic could be resumed shortly after the end of the war.

In 1984 the depot was converted to accommodate electric locomotives. Starting in 1994, Deutsche Bahn AG gradually outsourced operations from the depot. With the closure of the marshalling yard in 1998, the depot also came to an end.

Vehicle use

Reko locomotive of the DR class 52.80 in the Schöneweide plant, 1992

The initial equipment of the depot consisted of Prussian locomotives of the series G 7 (BR 55) and G 10 (BR 57) for the freight train service, T 3 (BR 89) for the shunting service and T 11 (BR 74) for the service on the suburban lines. In the 1920s, these vehicles were replaced by BR 56 and BR 58 . With the beginning of the Second World War, the first class 50 locomotives were ordered to Schöneweide. In the course of the war, several brand-new class 50 locomotives with condensation tenders were stationed there for freight traffic to the east, many of which did not return. In the further course of the war a wide variety of locomotive series was accommodated; The series 41 , 52 , 56, 58, 74, 89, 93 and the DR E 178 01 are known .

After the end of the war, the Reichsbahn had to provide locomotives for the transport of dismantled goods to the USSR by order of the Soviet occupying power . In Schöneweide half of the locomotive fleet had to be given up for such "column services", with many of these locomotives remaining in the Soviet Union or in Poland afterwards.

The political upheavals in the GDR in the 1950s had an impact on the flow of rail traffic. The Schöneweide depot was assigned the BR 74 and BR 64 locomotives for passenger traffic as well as BR 52 and BR 93 for freight traffic, which could then be found in use at most freight stations . Even after the Wall was built in 1961, the marshalling yard and the Schöneweide depot played a large part in the transport of goods to (West) Berlin.

The diesel traction found its way into Schöneweide relatively late. Class V 60 diesel locomotives replaced class 93 steam locomotives in shunting service in the mid-1960s, while class V 180 diesel locomotives were used in line service. The BR 52 steam locomotive initially continued to be used in heavy shunting and freight train services, and was later replaced by class 52.80 Reco locomotives .

In 1984 the Görlitzer Bahn was electrified and with it the company premises. This means that the first electric locomotives of the 211 and 242 series were stationed in the depot. The remaining steam locomotives of the class 52.80 migrated to simple services or were used as heating locomotives in the various freight stations. In Schöneweide, two class 44 locomotives were still in use as stationary heating locomotives.

In the spring of 1992 the Reichsbahn pulled together a large part of the 52.80 that were still in existence in Schöneweide. On the occasion of a railway festival in the depot, a large part of it was sold to railway associations .

Todays use

Museum freight locomotive 52 8177

The roundhouse has been run by the “Dampflokfreunde Berlin e. V. ”, which looks after historic vehicles as well as the locomotive shed, organizes special trips and, since 2004, has organized the annual railway festival in the former depot. In spring 2006 the association “Traditionszug Berlin e. V. ”with its fleet of vehicles as a second user.

On September 30, 2006, the 100th birthday of the Schöneweide depot was celebrated with a large railway festival in which more than 5000 steam locomotive enthusiasts took part.

literature

  • Matthias Donath: Monuments in Berlin. Subband. Treptow-Köpenick district. Districts Nieder- and Oberschöneweide. 2nd edition published by the Berlin State Monuments Office. Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2005, p. 69ff. ISBN 3-937251-10-3 ( "Monument area 1, railway depot Schöneweide" )

Web links

Commons : Bahnbetriebswerk Berlin-Schöneweide  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Reports on Bahn TV Online: 100 years of the Schöneweide depot ( Memento from November 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive )

Coordinates: 52 ° 26 ′ 49 ″  N , 13 ° 31 ′ 18 ″  E