Barcola

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Barcola
Barcola (TS) Il Lungomare 005.jpg
Promenade with a view of Miramare Castle
Country Italy
region Friuli Venezia Giulia
local community Trieste
Coordinates 45 ° 41 '  N , 13 ° 45'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 40 '46 "  N , 13 ° 45' 16"  E
height 3  m slm
Demonym Barcolani
patron Bartolomew
Telephone code 040 CAP 34136

Barcola (Slovenian Barkovlje ) is a suburb of the northern Italian city of Trieste , which stretches along the coast of the Gulf of Trieste on the edge of the Karst below the Marian pilgrimage church of Monte Grisa and is home to a Slovenian-speaking minority.

Barcola is highly valued because of the high quality of life and housing and the free access to the sea. The long and partly shady 5 km long promenade of Barcola serves as a local recreation area and city bathing beach of Trieste and is connected by bus lines and shipping lines with the city ​​center , Miramare , Sistiana but also partially with Grado . Barcola has several small ports, in particular Porticciolo di Barcola , where the local professional fishermen also work and the liner shipping docks.

The place, known in Roman times as Vallicula or later as Valcula , is known because of its exclusive houses, the view from the green hills of the Gulf of Trieste, its long coastal promenade with extensive swimming and sports facilities and its hedonistically relaxed, sporty mood and is often called Adriatic Malibu .

Location, administration and economy

View from the Vedetta d'Italia on one of the ports of Barcola

Barcola is located between the suburb of Miramare and the Trieste district of Roiano . Together with Grignano , Miramare, Gretta , Roiano, Scorcola , Cologna and part of Guardiella , Barcola forms the administrative district 3 of the municipality of Trieste ( Circoscrizione III ).

The high karst plateau of the Trieste coastal region, on the edge of which is Barcola, is also considered to be the foothills of the Alps.

Since the settlement, the locals have been fishing because of its location on the Gulf of Trieste. While tuna and sardines used to be caught and processed, today the anchovies from Barcola ( Sardoni barcolani ) are in particularly high demand. These fish, which only “appear” at Scirocco, are said to be the best in the world and fetch the highest prices.

history

Already at the time of the Roman Empire there was a fishing village called Vallicula ("small valley") in the area of ​​Barcola . Remains of richly decorated Roman villas including wellness facilities, pier and extensive gardens suggest that Barcola was already a popular recreational and noble place with the Romans, also because of its favorable microclimate, as it is located directly on the sea and protected from the bora. At that time, as Pliny the Elder already mentioned, the vines for the wine Pulcino ("Vinum Pucinum" - today at most " Prosecco ") were grown on the slopes . This then special and rare wine from the sunny slopes northeast of Barcola in the direction of the place Prosecco or Duino (- near the historical place Castellum Pucinum) was according to Pliny the favorite wine of the Empress Julia, the wife of Augustus , and is said to have been among the Greeks The name Praetetianum.

At the end of the 19th century, in Barcola, between the cemetery and the church of San Bartolomeo, approximately at Viale Miramare 48, the remains of a magnificent Roman villa by the sea , worthy of a prince, were discovered. This building complex, known today as Villa Maritima von Barcola , with a first construction phase in the second half of the 1st century BC, stretched along the coast and was divided into terraces into a representation area in which luxury and power were displayed, a separate one Living area, a garden, some facilities open to the sea and a thermal bath. Extensions and renovations can be dated back to the second half of the 1st century AD. The works of art and mosaics found are now in the Lapidario Tergestino Museum in the San Giusto Castle, although comparable works can only be found in Rome and Campania so far.

The fishing and the cultivation of wine and olives then dominated the area until the 19th century. In 1826 Barcola had 418 inhabitants and the Trieste people increasingly began to build their summer residences in the settlement. At the end of the 19th century, Barcola increasingly took on the characteristics of a recreational area and there were inns and wine bars with arbor gardens and views of the sea.

In 1886 the Excelsior lido, which still exists today but is now private , was established, followed by the founding of rowing clubs and other beach establishments, some of which still exist. The history of this model for many bathing establishments began in 1886 when the Di Salvore family, who owned land in Barcola, received the concession to use the beach in the area around the former Roman Villa Maritima of Barcola . In 1890, the architect Edoardo Tureck was commissioned by Alessandro Cesare di Salvore, a shipowner, city councilor and theater director, to build a bathing facility near the natural sandbank, and in 1895 the hotel of the same name was also built across the street. The then well-known and flourishing bathing establishment Excelsior , which passed to other owners in the following years, was expanded several times, so in 1909 a small theater and a restaurant were integrated. According to a local story, the 1981 world champion in underwater fishing, Claudio Martinuzzi (* 1948), learned to swim here. Today the beach complex, located on historical Roman soil, has been converted into apartments or bathing huts with a sandy beach that is unique in Trieste. A unique peculiarity for Italy is that due to a unique overlap of Habsburg and Italian law in the area of ​​this historical beach complex, the beach is not publicly owned by the state, but private property.

On the initiative of Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian of Austria , a riverside road was built that connects his residence Miramare Castle directly with the city of Trieste. In 1884 Lionello Stock opened the Camis and Stock schnapps distillery in Barcola , which became the current spirit manufacturer Stock . According to the last Austro-Hungarian census in 1911, Barcola had 73.7% Slovene-speaking and 16.2% Italian-speaking population.

In the 1950s, the area of ​​the Pineta was raised. The "Pineta di Barcola", with its 25,400 square meters of pine forest, now houses numerous bars and sports areas for bathers. Until 1969, Barcola was connected to the center by tram line 6. In addition to the many villas of wealthy Trieste residents, the building in Viale Miramare 229 with its distinctive onion domes is particularly eye-catching. This villa, Casa Jakic , dates back to 1896, initially belonged to a Russian Orthodox priest who was allegedly a spy for the Tsar and was later used as an amusement arcade and brothel.

In 1928 the Strada Costiera , which leads from Barcola to Sistiana, was opened. According to a ranking by the WTO ( World Tourism Organization ), this part of the connecting road from Trieste to Venice is one of the most beautiful coastal roads in the world because of its panoramic views.

Attractions

The rosette of the church of San Bartolomeo came from the 13th / 14th centuries. Century or from the church of San Pietro on the Trieste main square Piazza Grande , which was demolished in 1870, and is probably a remnant of an older place of worship

In the center of the village is the church of San Bartolomeo, which is mentioned in documents as early as 1338 and 1462. The current church was built in 1787, expanded in 1838 and 1892 and modernized between 1930 and 1935 and is still consecrated to St. Bartholomew . The first parish registers are from 1786. In the church there is a high altar from the 2nd half of the 17th century by Giovanni Comino from Treviso. The high altar did not come to Trieste for “San Giusto” until 1806 from the lay brotherhood of San Marco in Venice and was located in the small church “San Michele al Carnale” next to the cathedral from 1840 and only from 1951 in the church of San Bartolomeo in Barcola . The Venetian origin can be seen in a detail of the bas-relief on the altar panel: between two winged putti bearing the image of the Madonna, a view of St. Mark's Square appears . In the church there is a statue of St. Matthew by the Venetian sculptor Enrico Merengo.

Above Barcola is the victory lighthouse , which was built from 1923 to 1927 as a substructure on the former kuk fortification of Kressich. This fortification has various underground rooms and tunnels protected from artillery attacks as far as Barcola.

The beach, the promenade and the pine forest of Barcola, all classic places of relaxation for the Trieste people, are particularly popular in summer. Claudio Magris bathed here with his mother as a child. The extensive redesign of the bank promenade with the paving of porphyry stones and sandstone slabs took place in the years 2000 to 2001. The ten popular semicircular building units on the bank consisting of viewing platform, sanitary facilities and changing rooms, which are colloquially or popularly known as Topolini (plural of Walt Disney figure "Mickey Mouse" - because of the characteristic shape from above). There are diverse restaurants and extensive parking spaces.

The bronze sculpture Mula di Trieste ("The Girl from Trieste") by Nino Spagnoli has been in the small marina of Barcola since 2005 and is supposed to symbolize the Trieste youth, colloquially referred to as mula . In the pine forest of Barcola, by the fountain, which has been bubbling in several colors since 1963, there is the bronze sculpture la Nuotatrice , especially known as la Sirenetta ("The Little Mermaid"), by the sculptor Ugo Cara` as a homage to the Trieste swimmers.

The experiences and stories of the local captains, skippers and fishermen, with their stories in bars such as Skipper Point, were also recorded by Paolo Rumiz in his book The Lighthouse .

Barcola is a well-known windsurfing and kite spot because of the offshore bora .

Events

Every year at the beginning of October, the Barcolana sailing regatta takes place in Trieste , the route of which extends along the Barcola promenade, among other places.

The European Marathon, also called Bavisela , which means “breath of wind” in the Trieste dialect, is an international race that is held in May. In addition to the main race or half marathon, there is also a fun run across Barcola from Miramare Castle to Piazza Unita d'Italia .

Sons and daughters

Web links

Commons : Barcola  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cf. Mauro Covacich: Triest erverst. Fifteen walks in the city of the wind. 2012, p. 93 ff.
  2. ^ The Trieste coastal area
  3. ↑ Georges Desrues: A Long Night by the Sea. In: Trieste - Servus Magazin. 2020, p. 73.
  4. ↑ Cf. Pliny "Die Naturgeschichte des Caius Plinius Secundus" (approx. 77 AD), third volume, 14th book.
  5. ↑ Zeno Saracino: "Pompei in miniatura": la storia di "Vallicula" o Barcola. In: Trieste All News. September 29, 2018, accessed December 29, 2019 (it-IT).
  6. ^ Nicolo Giraldi: Claudio Martinuzzi, il campione dimenticato. In: Trieste Prima of August 14, 2018.
  7. ↑ Cf. u. a. Nicolo Giraldi: Un mare chiamato Trieste. In: IES. No. 6, June 2019, p. 7.
  8. ↑ Cf. u. a. Zeno Saracino: Il Bagno Excelsior, primo stabilimento balneare della Riviera di Barcola. In: Triesteallnews of August 11, 2018.
  9. ^ Special local repititorium of the Austrian federal states, VII. Austrian-Illyrian coastal country. Publishing house of the KuK Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1918.
  10. ^ Kofler / Bettschart: Trieste. 2015, p. 104.
  11. ^ Heinz Tomek: Trieste. 2012, p. 107.
  12. ↑ Alberto Dragrone (Ed.): Trieste and its surroundings. Touring Edition, 2011, p. 97 f.
  13. ↑ Claudio Magris: The sea of ​​Trieste, a place of eros. In: Mare, February 1999, no.12.
  14. ↑ Cf. u. a. Nicolo Giraldi "Un mare chiamato Trieste" in IES 6 / June-2019, p. 2 ff.
  15. ↑ Cf. u. a. Mauro Covacich: Trieste is wrong. Fifteen walks in the city of the wind. 2012, p. 93 ff.
  16. ↑ Kofler, Bettschart: Triest. 2015, p. 97.
  17. ↑ Paolo Rumiz: The lighthouse. Translated from the Italian by Karin Fleischanderl. Folio Verlag, Vienna / Bozen 2017, ISBN 978-3-85256-716-7 .