Basic technology

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Basic technologies ( English general purpose technology ) are technologies that represent the current state of the art or technological progress and can have a significant economic impact on certain industries .

General

Basic technologies correspond to the current standard . With regard to the product life cycle and the market potential , three types of technology can be distinguished, namely pacemaker technologies, basic technologies and key technologies . Pacemaker technologies are problem solutions and are still in the early development stage of product development , basic technologies are in the maturity phase of their life cycle, key technologies are subject to a phase of market growth . “Killer technologies” are technologies that, when they are ready for the market, replace the existing technologies and key technologies as substitutes .

Basic technologies are a radical innovation in contrast to step-by-step, so-called incremental technical progress, in which technical change takes place in small and / or predictable steps.

history

The invention of the steam engine by James Watt (1769) was considered the first important basic technology of the early days . It affected the railways (1804) and steam navigation (1807). This was followed by the dynamo machine (1866), the three-phase motor (1889) and the electronic computer (1946), which, as fundamental innovations, provided product innovations in the manufacture of machine tools . As a result, there were product innovations such as the drill (1775), lathe (1797), planer (1817), milling machine (1818) and grinding machine (1874).

Other basic technologies were electricity (1830), combustion engine ( Lenoir engine , 1860), telephone (1876), automobile (1886) or the first motor-driven flight (1900). In modern times , radio (1896), petrochemicals (1925), television (1928) and mainframes (1959) all had an impact on the economy. Konrad Zuse presented with his “Z1” in 1938 the beginning of the global history of information technology . The internet began as Arpanet in October 1969 and evolved as the revolutionary basic technology of the 20th century.

economic aspects

As historical development has shown, basic technology is a technology whose technical changes have a significant impact on the economic development of at least one branch of industry. For example, developments in biotechnology are changing the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries ; for both industries (among other things) biotechnology is the basic technology. Information and communication technology, on the other hand, is a basic technology in the media industry or the manufacture of medical devices, among other things .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tom Sommerlatte / Jean-Philippe Deschamps, The strategic use of technologies , in: Arthur D. Little International (ed.), Management in the Age of Strategic Leadership, 1986, p. 50 f.
  2. ↑ Martin K. Welge, planning: processes - strategies - measures , 1992, p. 270
  3. ↑ Jörg Horstmann, operationalization of corporate flexibility , 2007, p. 147 FN 484
  4. ^ Deutsche Bank Research, The Internet - A New Basic Technology? , 2000, p. 4
  5. ↑ Ralf Moldenhauer, Crisis Management in the New Economy , 2004, p. 81
  6. ^ Günter Fandel / Harald Dyckhoff / Joachim Reese, Industrial Production Development , 1990, p. 142
  7. ^ Günter Fandel / Harald Dyckhoff / Joachim Reese, Industrial Production Development , 1990, p. 142
  8. ↑ Tom Landon, The Destructive Impact of Information Technology on Human Intellectual Development , 2013, p. 7
  9. ↑ Patrick Stähler, Business Models in the Digital Economy , 2002, p. 155 f.
  10. ↑ Patrick Stähler, Business Models in the Digital Economy , 2002, p. 159