Berardie
| Berardie | ||||||||||||
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Berardia ( Berardia lanuginosa ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Berardia | ||||||||||||
| Vill. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Berardia lanuginosa | ||||||||||||
| ( Lam. ) Fiori |
The Berardia ( Berardia lanuginosa ) is the only species of the genus Berardia in the Asteraceae family.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The berardia grows as a perennial, herbaceous plant . It forms a long, vertical tap root . This unbranched rosette plant is almost stemless or the short stem is ± 4 centimeters, rarely up to 10 centimeters high. The stem is hairy white tomentose.
The approximately five, rarely up to eight leaves are only arranged in a basal rosette. A narrow hem runs down the 3 to 5 centimeters long, flattened petiole. The relatively thick leaf blade, which varies greatly in size and is sometimes up to 11 centimeters long and just as wide, is rounded, ovoid to elliptical. The pronounced leaf base is heart-shaped. There is a conspicuous, network-like nerve. There is rarely a pair of plumage under the leaf blade. The upper side of the leaf appears gray-green and later becomes bald due to thick, cobweb-like hairs ( indument ). The underside of the leaf is hairy and tomentose and does not become bald.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from July to August. Only one flower head is formed per plant specimen. The cup-shaped inflorescences are disc-shaped with a diameter of 5 to 7 centimeters. The involucrum is 30 to 35 millimeters high and broadly ovate to the anthesis . At the base of the involucrum there are usually different numbers of different sized, foliage-like bracts, which are mostly elongated-lanceolate to elongated-triangular and indistinctly stalked and woolly hairy. The outer bracts are triangular, the middle oblong and the inner linear-lanceolate. The bracts slowly taper off into a non-piercing upper end and have no appendages. The outer and middle bracts are greenish on both sides in the upper half and hairy densely with white wool. The flat bottom of the cup consists of solid parenchyma sponge and has a pentagonal honeycomb surface, the low edges of which are drawn out into simple teeth at the corners.
The flower head contains numerous (about 80) tubular flowers . There are one or two rows of functionally female tubular florets and numerous hermaphroditic tubular florets on the edge. The inner tubular flowers have almost radial symmetry, yellowish-white corollas. With these approximately 20 millimeter long corollas, the petals have grown together over a length of about 12 millimeters to form a corolla tube that is somewhat funnel-shaped at its base. Their crown tongue is 7 to 8 millimeters long and somewhat bell-shaped at the base and ends in elongated corolla lobes 2 millimeters long and 0.5 millimeters wide in the lower area. The corolla has ten vessels. At the anthesis, the corolla is surmounted by a few millimeters by the approximately 10 millimeter long stamen. The approximately 6 millimeter long anthers have at the top 1 millimeter long straw-colored, sword-shaped connective processes and at their base ten 1.5 millimeter long, tail-shaped, sometimes double-sided stamen appendages. Inserted into the connective over a 0.5 millimeter long antheropodium are the ribbon-shaped, completely smooth stamens with a length of 4 millimeters. The stylus shaft is round, smooth, unstructured along its entire length and starts from an onion-shaped widened base. The end of the stylus, which is about 1.5 millimeters in length, is cylindrical and has two branches that are 0.6 to 0.7 millimeters long and 0.4 millimeters wide, rounded at the upper ends, and spread out inside with papillae. At the base of the stylus tip there is no ring-shaped tissue extension, and no wreath of purging hairs.
The tubular flowers arranged on the rim of the basket also have a yellowish-white corolla that is only about 15 millimeters long. The corolla tube, which is only slightly expanded, is about 10 millimeters and goes directly into the corolla tongue, which is only slightly expanded at its base, about 5 millimeters long, which consists of four to five corolla lobes about 1 millimeter long and 0.5 millimeter wide at their base ends. They only have four or five free staminodes. Their style is largely similar to those of the inner tubular flowers.
The elongated achenes are 11 to 14 millimeters long, 2 to 2.5 millimeters wide and 1.3 to 1.5 millimeters thick with an elliptical square cross-section. The pericarp continues into the pappus bristles without any noticeable constriction. The nectarium is briefly frustoconical. The surface of the pericarp is straw-colored, smooth, completely bare and ± shiny. The ten longitudinal ribs are not clearly visible. The scar of the detachment site is flat-elliptical. The seed is surrounded by a paper-thin test epidermis. The non-sloping, simple pappus consists of bristles arranged in three to four diagonal lines. The slightly reddish pappus bristles, rough in the lower half and bearded in the upper half, are simple and with a length of 18 to 20 millimeters ± the same length.
Chromosome set
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.
Occurrence
This extremely rare plant species is endemic only in the French and Italian Alps south of Mont Cenis . It thrives on limestone rubble at altitudes of 1,800 to 2,800 meters.
It is in Berardia lanuginosa a relict plant from the time the Alps .
Systematics and botanical history
The Berardie was depicted by the Zurich botanist Conrad Gessner as early as the 16th century . The first publication was under the name ( Basionym ) Arctium lanuginosum by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in March 1779. The valid name Berardia lanuginosa (Lam.) Fiori was published in 1904 by Adriano Fiori . The genus Berardia was created in April 1779 by Dominique Villars with Berardia subacaulis Vill. in Prospectus de l'Histoire des Plantes de Dauphiné , 28. According to today's rules, however, he should have used the specific epithet lanuginosum . So the name used by Dominique Villars is a synonym. The generic name Berardia honors the French pharmacist and botanist Pierre Bérard (approx. 1580 to approx. 1664) from Grenoble.
Berardia lanuginosa (Lam.) Fiori is the only species in the genus Berardia in the Asteraceae family . The position of the genus Berardia has been discussed controversially, molecular genitic investigations show that it belongs to the tribe Cynareae .
swell
- Xaver Finkenzeller: Alpenblumen , Munich 2003, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Manfred Dittrich: Remarks on Berardia Vill's membership in the tribe. , In: Annals of the Natural History Museum in Vienna , 98 B Suppl., Pp. 329–342, Vienna, 1996; PDF .
- ↑ Data sheet with photo and distribution in France at Tela Botanica .
- ↑ Berardia lanuginosa at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. : Data sheet Berardia lanuginosa In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-946292-10-4 . doi : 10.3372 / epolist2016 .
further reading
- Alfonso Susanna, Núria García-Jacas, O. Hidalgo, Roser Vilatersana, Teresa Garnatje: The Cardueae (Compositae) revisited: insights from ITS, trnL-trnF, and matK nuclear and chloroplast DNA analysis. In: Ann. Missouri. Bot. Gard. , Volume 93, 2006, pp. 150-171.
