Miner and machinist
The miner and machine man is a state-recognized training occupation according to the Vocational Training Act .
Duration of training and structure
The training period to become a miner and machinist is usually two years. The training takes place at the training company and vocational school . The profession has the two disciplines of tunneling and extraction as well as transport and maintenance and came into force on August 1, 1979, at the same time the test ordinance of the same name from 1977 to 1979 ceased to apply.
Work areas
Miners and machinists work in mines , but also in mechanical and plant engineering , in underground landfills and increasingly in the protection and rehabilitation of old mining areas as well as in the post-mining of the disused coal mines . They take care of the tunneling of tunnels and shafts and ensure that the transport and conveying equipment work properly. In the rehabilitation of old mines, quarries as well as broken tunnels and routes are cleared up (cleared), explored and permanently secured or stored. Other possible uses can be found in the upgrading, expansion and maintenance of visitor mines as well as in tunnel construction.
Intermediate and final exams
A conventional intermediate and final examination takes place in this profession.
midterm exam
In the intermediate examination, the trainee demonstrates his basic skills in metalworking and processing in a practical test in a maximum of six hours. In addition, he works on written tasks from the fields of technology and technical math in a maximum of 90 minutes .
final exam
The final examination takes place in five examination areas:
- Work samples,
- Technology,
- Technical math,
- Technical drawing and
- Economics and Social Studies.
Examination area work samples
The trainee carries out four work samples in a total of eight hours, which differ depending on the subject.
In the field of tunneling and mining, this is usually:
- Drilling as specified in mineral and host rock
- Introduction of expansion in dismantling and in the route , execution of work
- Carrying out work on subsidies
- Carrying out work in track maintenance.
In the field of transport and maintenance, this is usually:
- Transporting loads
- Carrying out work on transport equipment, conveyor equipment, pipes and hoses.
Technology exam area
The trainee works on written examination tasks in 60 minutes. The following topics are dealt with in the field of tunneling and mining:
- Basic knowledge of the mine workings,
- Dismantling and driving ,
- Expansion ,
- Safety regulations.
In the field of transport and maintenance:
- Basic knowledge of the mine workings and weather management ,
- Transport,
- Assembly and maintenance,
- Safety regulations.
Examination area technical mathematics
The trainee works on written examination tasks in 60 minutes. The following topics are dealt with in the field of tunneling and mining:
- Calculation of cross-sections ,
- Calculating volumes and weights,
- Calculation of speeds and gear ratios,
- Calculate the wage .
In the field of transport and maintenance:
- Calculation of cross-sections,
- Calculation of pressures and forces ,
- Calculating speeds,
- Calculate the wage.
Technical drawing examination area
The trainee works on written examination tasks in 30 minutes. The following topics are dealt with in the field of tunneling and mining:
- Assigning views of planar bodies,
- Reading of mysterious representations,
- Reading of expansion boards ,
- Reading of explosive images .
In the field of transport and maintenance:
- Assigning views of planar bodies,
- Reading of mysterious representations,
- Reading symbols for fittings,
- Reading of assembly drawings and operating plans.
Examination area economics and social studies
In this examination area, the trainee shows that he can work on practical tasks or cases from the world of work and can present and assess economic and social relationships in the world of work and work. The exam is also in writing and takes a maximum of 30 minutes.
Oral supplementary examination
The written examination can be supplemented by an oral examination if this is essential for determining a result that is more favorable for the candidate. A supplementary examination can also take place if the performance shown in the vocational school or in the training company is in considerable contradiction to the previous examination result.
weighting
The examination areas are weighted as follows:
| Work samples | 50 percent |
| technology | 20 percent |
| technical math | 10 percent |
| Technical drawing | 10 percent |
| Economics and Social Studies | 10 percent |
Passage regulation
The exam is passed if at least sufficient performance has been achieved in the skills and knowledge tests. When determining the overall result, the skill test has twice the weight compared to the knowledge test and, within the knowledge test, the technology test subject compared to the other test subjects.
Employment of women
Up until now, women were generally not allowed to be employed in underground mining. There were exceptions B. if an internship had to be completed. With the third SME Relief Act of March 17, 2009, the Federal Mining Act was changed in Article 16a . With the abolition of Section 64a of the Federal Mining Act, women can now also learn this training and then be employed in underground mining.
outlook
The training content dates back to 1979. In the course of the reorganization of the mining technologist , there were considerations to restructure the miner and machine man as well. However, this was not done because it is currently unclear how the demand for the job will develop. Furthermore, the mining technologist should be given a different profile of his job, so that the similarities between the two professions were viewed as minor.
The number of registered apprenticeships has declined sharply in the past. While there were 390 contracts in 1991, the number fell to 6 in 1999. At the moment the contracts are increasing again. In 2008, 21 training contracts were registered. The training focuses on Saxony and Thuringia .
History and trivia
The job description was created to enable young people without a secondary school diploma to gain a professional qualification that goes beyond mining mechanics. Until then, these young people were employed as young miners , unskilled laborers. They were called "clubs" in the Ruhr mining industry, the expression "bumpers" for miners and machinists can rarely be viewed as derogatory and rather teasing.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Training regulations .
- ↑ (PDF; 46 kB) Framework curriculum on the KMK website ( Memento of the original from August 3, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 29, 2010.
- ↑ (PDF; 78 kB) Third SME Relief Act on the website of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 6, 2010.
- ↑ (PDF; 14 kB) Statistics on the website of the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 29, 2010.
- ↑ (PDF; 14 kB) Statistics on the website of the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 29, 2010.
Web links
- Information on the job at BERUFE.NET . Retrieved September 29, 2010.