Berlandiera
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Illustration of the chocolate flower ( Berlandiera lyrata ) |
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The plant genus Berlandiera belongs to the subfamily Asteroideae in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The botanical genus name honors the Belgian explorer of North America Jean Louis Berlandier (1803 or 1805-1851). The home is North America : USA and Mexico .
description
Berlandiera species are perennial herbaceous plants to subshrubs , which means that the plant sometimes lignifies a little at the base. They reach heights of growth of 8 to 120 cm. They often form tap roots. Green parts of the plant are usually hairy. The stems are upright to creeping and mostly branched. The alternate leaves are stalked or sessile. The leaf blades are simple to pinnate depending on the species.
Cup -shaped inflorescences are formed singly or in branched whole inflorescences . The flower heads have a diameter of 12 to 30 mm. The mostly 14 to 22 bracts are in two to more than three rows. The inflorescence base is cylindrical. There are chaff leaves. Each flower head usually contains eight (two to 13) ray flowers and 80 to more than 200 tubular flowers . The female and fertile ray florets are yellow to orange-yellow; on the underside green or red to chestnut-colored or only with nine to twelve nerves in these colors. The functionally male tubular flowers (= disc flowers) are yellow or red to chestnut-colored.
The black, hairy achenes only have a wreath-shaped pappus or it is completely absent.
Systematics
There are about eight species in the genus, including three hybrids . They are all native to North America and Mexico.
- Chocolate flower ( Berlandiera lyrata Benth. )
- Berlandiera monocephala (BLTurner) Pinkava : It occurs in Arizona and Mexico.
- Berlandiera pumila (Michaux) Nutt. : It occurs in Texas, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina.
- Berlandiera subacaulis (Nutt.) Nutt. : It occurs in Florida.
- Berlandiera texana DC. : It occurs in Kansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Texas and Arkansas.
And the hybrids:
- Berlandiera × betonicifolia (Hook.) Small = Berlandiera texana × Berlandiera pumila : It occurs in Texas and Louisiana.
- Berlandiera × humilis Small = Berlandiera pumila × Berlandiera subacaulis : It occurs in Florida.
- Berlandiera × macrophylla ( A.Gray ) MEJones = Berlandiera lyrata × Berlandiera monocephala : It occurs in Arizona and the Mexican state of Sonora.
literature
- Donald J. Pinkava: Berlandiera in Flora of North America , Volume 19, p. 83: Online. (engl.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
- ^ A b c d Donald J. Pinkava: Berlandiera de Candolle. In: Flora of North America, vol. 21. [2] .
- ^ A b c Berlandiera in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
