Bernhard Linde

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Bernhard Linde 1906

Bernhard Linde (born March 23 . Jul / 4. April  1886 greg. In the town of Järvakandi ; † 23. August 1954 in Tallinn ) was an Estonian writer , literary critic , translator and publisher.

Life

Linde attended various schools and was at the Hugo-Treffner-Gymnasium in Tartu from 1903 to 1908 after he had to leave the Gymnasium in Pärnu because of nationalist activities. From 1908 to 1915 he studied at the University of Tartu , where he resumed studies after a long break in 1925 and graduated in Slavic Studies in 1927 .

In the intervening time, Linde made a name for himself as an editor, journalist and co-creator of literary life in Estonia. He played a special role in the Noor-Eesti group , as whose “technical soul” he can be described. He took care of the finances and the correspondence and thus kept the business going while the group's pioneers such as Gustav Suits and Friedebert Tuglas were abroad or underground.

From 1907 to 1909 he was a member of the editorial board of the magazine Eesti Kirjandus , in 1913 he became head of the newly founded publishing house Noor-Eesti , and for a short time he also worked in the editorial department of the newspaper Vaba Sõna .

Bernhard Linde, Portrait of Nikolai Triik (1927)

After the outbreak of the First World War , he took a civilian position in the army in order to receive the draft. He then moved to the Far East, from which he did not return to Estonia until 1919. Here he founded the publishing house Varrak , which went bankrupt in 1924, but was re-founded the following year with one letter less than Varak . Linde continued to participate in various literary publications and, for example, started the short-lived magazine Murrang together with August Alle and Gustav Suits , of which four issues appeared in 1921. Later he was one of Anton Hansen Tammsaare's closest employees .

He traveled a lot in the 1920s and 1930s and spent the German occupation from 1941 to 1944 on his father's farm. After the Second World War he taught at the Tallinn Polytechnic for five years , but was imprisoned in 1951. He was released three years later in ruined health and died soon after in Tallinn .

plant

Linde's literary work is generally viewed critically and cautiously assessed. Sometimes it was even referred to as "cheap reading that you only read when you have nothing to do or better reading material is inaccessible." Its importance for Estonian literature is therefore undoubtedly in the organizational and literary critical area. He was also mainly active as a translator, mediator, essayist and publisher. In addition to reviews of contemporary Estonian literature, Linde has also written books on foreign authors. He also published numerous travel books and wrote biographies and portraits of politicians. He also put together anthologies on various national literature.

Linde also mediated the translation of Estonian literature into German. Tammsaare's first book publication in German was probably translated by his third wife, Arma Kristen.

Linde translated from German, English, Finnish, French, Croatian, Polish, Serbian, Slovenian and Czech.

Trivia

Linde was considered a colorful figure in Estonian cultural life, was married five times (and divorced just as often) and liked to litigate. One of his divorce lawsuits had to cover the costs by auctioning his typewriter.

bibliography

prose

  • Heitlikud ilmad (' changeable weather'). Tartu: Noor-Eesti 1913. 82 pp.
  • Kenad naised ('Nice Women'). Tartu: Loodus 1928. 76 pp.

Literary studies and essay writing

  • "Noor-Eesti" would take care of it . Tartu: sn 1918. 69 p. (New edition 2005)
  • Omad yes võõrad . Tallinn: Varrak 1927. 163 pp.
  • August Kitzberg . Arvustuslik = elulooline essee . Tallinn: Varak 1926. 46 pp.
  • Loova Kesk-Euroopa poole. Kirjanduslikke ja teatrilisi reisimuljeid Lätist, Poolast, Tšehhoslovakkiast ja Hungarianist . Tartu: Noor-Eesti 1930. 320 pp.
  • Honoré de Balzac . Elu yes looming. Tartu: Eesti Kirjanduse Selts 1933. 151 pp.
  • AH Tammsaare oma elu tões ja õiguses . Tartu: Ilmamaa 2007. 392 pp.

Literature on the author

  • Jaanus Kulli: Noor Linde yes «Noor-Eesti», in: Looming 4/1986, pp. 548–555.
  • Jaanus Kulli: Bernhard Linde ja Poola, in: Looming 6/1997, pp. 829-834.
  • Jaanus Kulli: Järelsõna: Bernhard Linde Nooreestlasena ja hiljem, in: Bernhard Linde: "Noor-Eesti" kümme aastat. Tartu 1918; New edition Tallinn 2005 (Loomingu Raamatukogu 1/2), pp. 85–101.
  • Jaanus Kulli: Bernhard Linde yes naised. Eluloolist, in: Keel ja Kirjandus 8/2006, pp. 637-648.
  • Jaanus Kulli: Slavist Bernhard Linde, in: Looming 5/2009, pp. 679–695.
  • Ralf Parve : Üks Bernhard Linde iseloomustus, in: Keel ja Kirjandus 8/1994, pp. 501–502.
  • Rein Ruutsoo: Bernhard Linde ja "Noor-Eesti", in: Keel ja Kirjandus 4/1986, pp. 209–220.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cornelius Hasselblatt : History of Estonian Literature. From the beginning to the present. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter 2006, p. 357.
  2. ↑ Cornelius Hasselblatt: History of Estonian Literature. From the beginning to the present. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter 2006, p. 429.
  3. ↑ Eesti kirjanike leksikon. Koostanud Oskar Kruus yes Heino Puhvel. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat 2000, p. 297.
  4. ↑ Jaanus Kulli: Bernhard Linde yes naised. Eluloolist, in: Keel ja Kirjandus 8/2006, p. 637.
  5. ↑ Cornelius Hasselblatt: Estonian literature in German translation. A reception story from the 19th to the 21st century. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2011, p. 146.
  6. ↑ Jaanus Kulli: Bernhard Linde yes naised. Eluloolist, in: Keel ja Kirjandus 8/2006, p. 645.
personal data
SURNAME Linde, Bernhard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Estonian writer, translator and publisher
DATE OF BIRTH April 4, 1886
PLACE OF BIRTH Järvakandi
DATE OF DEATH 23rd August 1954
Place of death Tallinn