Bessarion Lominadze

Bessarion (Besso) Lominadze ( Georgian ბესარიონ ლომინაძე , Russian Виссарион Виссарионович Ломинадзе , Vissarion Vissarionovich Lominadze; born May 25 ^{. Jul} / 6. June  1897 ^greg. In Kutaisi , Russian Empire , now Georgia ; † 19th January 1935 in Magnitogorsk ) was a Georgian communist politician. From 1922 to 1924 he was head of the Georgian party organization. In 1927 he represented the Comintern in China and led an uprising in Guangzhou . As one of the leaders of an anti-Stalinist party group, he was expelled from the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1930 and from the party in 1934.

biography

In March 1917 he became a member of the Social Democratic Labor Party of Russia (RSDLP), in the same year party secretary in Kutaisi, in 1918 party secretary of the Communist Party of Russia (KPR) in Tbilisi and in 1919 party secretary in Baku . In 1921 he moved to Petrograd as party organizer and took part in the suppression of the Kronstadt sailors' uprising .

From 1922 to 1924 he was first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Georgia, from 1925 to 1926 first secretary of the Comintern Youth, from 1926 to 1927 a member of the Presidium of the Comintern Executive Committee. From July to December 1927 he headed a Comintern delegation in China. Together with the German communist Heinz Neumann , he organized the uprising in Guangzhou on December 11, 1927, when around 25,000 communists were suppressed.

In 1930 he became a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and first secretary of the Communist Party of Transcaucasia . In an appeal to the Central Committee in September of the same year, he sharply criticized the Soviet five-year plan . Soon after, he teamed up with the Prime Minister of the Russian SFSR , Sergei Ivanovich Syrzow , a declared opponent of forced collectivization in the Soviet Union , who wanted to remove Joseph Stalin from power with a group of like-minded people. In December 1930, at the request of the Politburo, he was expelled from the party's central committee for forming a "left-right bloc", but remained party leader in Transcaucasia until 1931. He did not give up his criticism of Stalin. He called for a fundamental reform of the party, in which Stalin should be replaced by a younger CP functionary.

In November 1931 he lost his office as Transcaucasian party leader, first moved to the research department of the Soviet Ministry of Supply and in 1932 to a Moscow mechanical engineering company. In August 1933 he became KP district secretary of Magnitogorsk.

In 1934 he was expelled from the CPSU in the course of a Stalinist purge . Allegedly he shot himself on the way from Magnitogorsk to Chelyabinsk in December 1935 when the Soviet secret police NKVD picked him up for questioning.

During the Great Terror , his name played a role in various trials as a member of an alleged "Trotskyist-Zinovievist terrorist center". After his death, Sergo Ordzhonikidze was accused by Stalin of clandestinely correspondence with Lominadze in a speech to Communist Party officials.

Awards

Lominadze was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and the Order of Lenin .

literature

• James Hughes: Patrimonialism and the Stalinist system: The case of SI Syrtsov . In: Europe-Asia Studies . June 1996
• R. Davies: The Syrtsov-Lominadze Affair . In: Soviet Studies . 33 (1981) 1, pp. 29-50
• William J. Chase: Enemies within the Gates? The Comintern and the Stalinist Repression. 1934-1939 . Yale University Press, New Haven 2001, ISBN 0-300-08242-8
• Ronald Grigor Suny: Stalin and his Stalinism: Power and authority in the Soviet Union, 1930-1953 . In: Ian Kershaw , Moshe Lewin (Eds.): Stalinism and Nazism: Dictatorships in Comparison . Cambridge University Press, New York 2004, ISBN 0-521-56521-9

Web links

• Curriculum vitae of Bessarion Lominadses in the encyclopedia on the history of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union 1898-1965 (ru)
• Short CV Bessarion Lominadses (fr)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Lexicon on the history of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union 1898-1965. Retrieved July 30, 2018 (Russian). 
2. ^ William J. Chase: Enemies within the Gates? The Comintern and the Stalinist Repression. 1934–1939 ( Memento of the original from June 2, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ↑ William J. Chase: ibid. ( Memento of the original dated June 2, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
4. ↑ James Hughes: Patrimonialism and the Stalinist system: the case of SI Syrtsov. In: Europe-Asia Studies, June 1996
5. ↑ R. Davies: The Syrtsov-Lominadze Affair. In: Soviet Studies. 33 (1981) 1, pp. 29-50
6. ^ Rulers.org: Rulers Soviet republics
7. ^ Joseph Berger, after: Ronald Grigor Suny: Stalin and his Stalinism: Power and authority in the Soviet Union, 1930-1953 (PDF; 129 kB)
8. ↑ William J. Chase: ibid. ( Memento of the original dated June 2, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
9. ↑ marxists.org: Vissarion V. Lominadze
10. ↑ marxists.org: Moscow Trials: August 19 (morning)