Betsing mass

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Explanation of the "praying mass" in church prayer for communal worship (1949)

The betting mass was a German-speaking special form in the development of the mass celebration .

Singing Mass

The origin of the German Singmesse (also: Deutsches (Hoch) Amt ) lies in efforts to celebrate the mass in German during the Age of Enlightenment, especially in southern Germany and Austria in the sphere of influence of Josephinism . Together with the Augustinian canon and musician Norbert Hauner , the monastery dean on Herrenchiemsee , Franz Seraph von Kohlbrenner published his prayer and hymn book Der heilige Gesang for worship in the Roman Catholic Church in Landshut in 1777 . First part , which spread the liturgy in German. For the first time, the service is designed as a singing mass for the faithful. The Advent song Tauet, Himmel, den Rigechten, which is still popular today , appears here, for example, as a chant for the offertory during the Advent Sundays.

In 1795 Michael Haydn revised the Hauner melody versions and created his German full high office from it . This series of songs for the individual parts of the mass (which were still spoken softly by the priest in Latin ) is usually titled with the first line of the opening song Here lies before your majesty or simply referred to as the Haydn mass . The text is shaped by the spirit of the Enlightenment and has become a Catholic common good as a singing mass. This second setting is probably the best known and can still be found today in several regional parts of the Catholic hymn book Praise God .

In terms of liturgical history, singing masses replaced the complex orchestral masses that Emperor Joseph II had banned for his domain.

The most famous singing mass from the 19th century, the Deutsche Messe by Franz Schubert from 1826, is based on Haydn's example. It is also not a setting of the classical Mass Ordinarium , but rather offers German songs which, in free association, are based on the statements of the Ordinarium and address the feelings of the celebrants in a romantic way.

Betsing mass

Based on the suggestions of Romano Guardini and the Benedictines of the Abbey of Maria Laach under Abbot Ildefons Herwegen , the Klosterneuburg Augustinian canon Pius Parsch celebrated so-called " community masses " in the church of St. Gertrud (Klosterneuburg) from 1922 , at which parts of the mass were spoken by the people in German Language were sung. He wanted to achieve an active participation of the fellow celebrants and a return to the early Christianity . These celebrations are considered to be the hour of birth of the liturgical movement in Austria and Germany. A breakthrough came when a praying mass was celebrated at the Vienna Catholic Day in 1933.

At the Betsing Mass, parts of the proprium were first sung in the form of German songs. German forms of singing or songs were increasingly being developed for the ordinarium as well . At the same time, however, these texts were still spoken by the priest in Latin, as was the prescribed basic form of the Missa lecta . The duplication of priestly and congregational action has not yet been overcome.

The form in which the congregation sang the Latin proprium in Gregorian chant , alternating with priest and choral schola , was called the choral office or people's chorale office .

aftermath

With the liturgical reform of the 2nd Vatican Council and the introduction of vernacular liturgy in the celebration of the community mass, the betsing mass became obsolete.

The tradition of performing individual pieces of the liturgy in the form of German chants that are not necessarily a German version of this part of the liturgy, for example through a song for the Gloria or the song for the Sanctus , has remained in many parishes to this day, even if they are is viewed critically by liturgists and is hardly covered by the official documents.

The term betsing mass is still often found in parish news, although the form itself no longer exists.

literature

  • Karl Eder: On the way to the participation of the congregation in the service: Bamberg prayer and hymn books from 1575 to 1824. St. Ottilien: EOS-Verl. 1993 (Dissertations: Theologische Reihe; Vol. 56, zugl .: Bamberg, Univ., Diss., 1992/93) ISBN 3-88096-446-7
  • Barbara Krätschmer : The German Singing Mass of the Enlightenment with special consideration of the German high offices of Johann Michael Haydn. In: Singende Kirche 33 (1986), pp. 11-17
  • Adolf Adam / Rupert Berger : Pastoral liturgical hand dictionary. Freiburg: Herder 1990, sv Betsingmesse , p. 61f
  • Pius Parsch: Popular liturgy . Klosterneuburg 1940
  • Pius Parsch: Klosterneuburg prayer mass. 9th edition, Vienna-Klosterneuburg: Volksliturgischer Verlag 1940

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Martin Persch: German Hochamt . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 3 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1995, Sp. 135 f . ; Hans Bernhard Meyer: Eucharist. History, theology, pastoral care. Regensburg: Pustet 1989 (The Church Service, Volume 4), p. 281.
  2. ↑ The holy song for church services in the Roman Catholic Church. Landshut 1777 (reprint: Landshut 2003, ISBN 3-927612-20-0 ; urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb11161747-7 ).
  3. ^ Hans Bernhard Meyer : Eucharist. History, Theology, Pastoral Regensburg: Pustet 1989 (The Church Service, Volume 4), p. 283