Franz Seraph von Kohlbrenner
Johann Franz Seraph von Kohlbrenner (born October 17, 1728 in Traunstein , † June 6, 1783 in Munich ) was a pioneer of the Enlightenment in Bavaria as a polyhistor and a promoter of the press in the 18th century as the editor of the Churbaier Intelligence Journal . He remained known to this day mainly because of his widespread hymn poems.
Life
Kohlbrenner was the son of the saltworker Rupert Kohlbrenner. Kohlbrenner had been physically disabled since an accident in 1732. After attending the local elementary school, he had to earn his living as a clerk's assistant in the salt works administration. As he soon attracted attention due to his diligence and intelligence, he advanced to the position of clerk and head of a salt mine archive.
At the age of 25, Elector Maximilian III. Kohlbrenner to Munich and commissioned him with a comprehensive revision of the registry of the court chamber. Between 1757 and 1761, Kohlbrenner mostly stayed in Tyrol to sign contracts for wood deliveries. At the same time, he also supervised the construction of the necessary wooden drifts.
At the request of his employer, Kohlbrenner set up a wooden garden in Lechhausen for the electoral aerarium in 1762 . Two years later he created a geographic toll map for Bavaria. Kohlbrenner was interested in many things and endeavored to break open the encrusted spirit of his time. He took care of problems of the school system, agriculture, singing in the church, innovations of technical, hygienic or medical kind and also discussed artistic questions.
Since Latin was predominantly spoken in academic and church circles at that time, one of his efforts was to promote the German language. In 1766 he published the intelligence paper of the Churbaierischen Lande , in which he spread concerns in public and impaled grievances. As an autodidact , he was able to convincingly write his texts fluently and understandably. In 1773 Kohlbrenner was promoted to the Kommerzienrat because of his services .
Together with the religious priest and composer Norbert Hauner , he published his hymn book Der heilige Gesang in Landshut in 1777 for services in the Roman Catholic Church. First part , which spread the liturgical chants in German. For the first time, the divine service is conceived as a praying mass for the faithful, in which Latin and German chants alternated. This innovation met with great interest in other dioceses in the period that followed . Pope Pius VI, who is currently in Munich . On April 30, 1782, Kohlbrenner personally congratulated his collection of hymns and recommended its distribution. The second part of the work was published in Salzburg in 1783 . The lyrics of the two books are largely composed by Franz Seraph Kohlbrenner personally and, despite all the enthusiasm for Enlightenment due to the time, prove his deep, inward piety. Michael Haydn set a number of these songs to music in 1795 as the German High Mass .
For example, one of those lyrics is:
“Look, father! from the highest throne, look graciously at the altar! We bring you a pleasing sacrifice in your son. We plead through him, we your children! and imagine his suffering: he died out of love for us sinners; he still lifts the cross for us. "
“He gave himself up for us, for all people as a whole. With the father that we live forever, he is now acting as mediator. O JESUS! hear our request, always stand by our weakness, so that your suffering, your kindness is never lost to us. "
Elector Karl Theodor elevated Kohlbrenner to the rank of imperial knight with effect from June 26, 1778 .
Franz Seraph von Kohlbrenner died on June 6, 1783 in Munich at the age of 54. He found his final resting place in the cemetery of Our Lady of St. Salvator . After the cemetery was closed, his tombstone was moved to the Frauenkirche in Munich and was there on the Ecce Homo Altar until it was destroyed in World War II . The characterizing motto read:
“He was a bourgeois writer, an active citizen; a rare boldness in the company and a never-conquered steadfastness in execution distinguished him from his contemporaries. "
His diversity of interests made some contemporaries uncomfortable. Envy of some, Kohlbrenner was hostile to others, even slandered. He was close friends with the historian Lorenz von Westenrieder . According to his biography, Kohlbrenner remained unmarried throughout his life and was regarded by some as a "nerd".
Franz Seraph von Kohlbrenner is mainly still known today for his hymns, several of which - in revised versions - are part of the much-sung repertoire in the German-speaking Catholic dioceses and have also been adopted in diocesan parts of the praise of God from 2013, including The grave is empty, the hero awakens .
His hometown has named a middle school after him.
The painters Martin Kohlbrenner and Johann Kohlbrenner were distant relatives.
Memberships
- 1772 Princely Society of Anhalt-Bernburg
- 1773 kk Academy of Roveredo
- 1774 Economic society in Diespa in Lausitz
- 1778 Institute of Morals and Fine Sciences in Erlangen
Works (in selection)
- The Bavarian and Palatinate farmer in the reforming agriculture. Munich 1769 ( urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10375852-1 ).
- Geographical Mauth-Charte of Baiern. Augsburg 1764 ( urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00002290-8 ).
- The holy chant for worship in the Roman Catholic Church. Landshut 1777 ( urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb11161747-7 ).
- Materials for ethics, literature, agriculture, for knowledge of the products, and for the history of old and new times. Munich 1774.
literature
- anonymous: Kohlbrenner as it was. or comments and anecdotes on the Mr. Prof. Westenrieder wrote the life of Johann Franz Seraph Edlen von Kohlbrenner. 1793 ( urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10380808-6 ).
- Clemens Alois Baader: The learned Baiern, or lexicon of all writers, which Baiern produced or nourished in the 18th century . Nürnberg 1804, Sp. 606–610 ( digitized in the Google book search).
- Cornelia Baumann: “How few are who dare to do this!” Franz von Kohlbrenner, Traunstein 1728 - Munich 1783. Drei-Linden-Verl., Grabenstätt 1985.
- Manfred Knedlik: KOHLBRENNER, Johann Franz Seraph von. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 27, Bautz, Nordhausen 2007, ISBN 978-3-88309-393-2 , Sp. 766-770.
- Cornelia Oelwein: Franz von Kohlbrenner (1728–1783). A famous Traunsteiner. Chiemgau Dr., Traunstein 1996.
- Daniel Schlögl: The well-planned state. Spatial mapping and reforms in Bavaria 1750–1800. CH Beck, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-406-10719-2 .
- Lorenz Westenrieder: Life of Johann Franz Seraph von Kohlbrenner including his portrait . Strobl, Munich 1783 ( urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10380807-1 ).
- Georg Westermayer: Kohlbrenner, Franz Seraph . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p. 431 f.
Web links
- Karl Eder: “The holy song” - Landshut hymn book from 1777. Archdiocese of Munich and Freising , archived from the original on September 27, 2007 ; Retrieved April 21, 2005 .
- Franz Seraph von Kohlbrenner in the Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kohlbrenner, Franz Seraph von |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German Catholic enlightener and publicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 17, 1728 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Traunstein , Bavaria |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 6, 1783 |
| Place of death | Munich |