Community fair

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Holy Mass on the Feast of the Assumption in Villafranca de la Sierra (Spain)

Community mass is the German name of the Missa cum populo (" Mass with the people") of the Roman rite of the Catholic Church . The sacerdos celebrans ("celebrating priest", celebrant ) celebrates the liturgy with a congregation or a group of believers. If a deacon is present, he participates and takes over certain parts of the liturgy reserved for him.

In addition to the “mass with the people” as today's “basic form of the Eucharistic celebration”, there is the episcopal mass or the pontifical office , which has first place in the “local church” of a diocese, and the daily conventual mass in monastic communities, which usually all Members of the community participate.

A distinction must be made between the Missa sine populo (the so-called private mass ), which is celebrated by a priest with an altar servant ( deacon , acolyte ). The Roman Missal contains a separate measuring order for both forms . Only for a just and reasonable reason is the priest allowed to celebrate alone (the so-called Missa solitaria ). In this case, all the usual forms of addressing the fellow celebrants are omitted, e.g. B. the greeting "The Lord be with you", as well as the final blessing "May bless you ..."

The Second Vatican Council saw "the liturgical rites are designed for communal celebration with the participation and active participation of the faithful" and stipulated that "celebration in community is preferable to that which is practiced privately by the individual."

Terminology

A Catholic parish usually includes all Catholics living on the parish territory . In addition to parishes, there are also so-called personal parishes . The term can also mean the totality of the participants in a worship service (" worship community ").

The Institutio Generalis Missalis Romani 2002 distinguishes between consecrated ministers and the faithful ( sacri ministri atque fideles ) among the participants in a service and names the believers who have gathered for a service Populus ("people").

In the German translations of the Institutio Generalis , different German terms were chosen for this in various editions. The basic order of the Roman Missal from 2007 translated into No. 47 Populo congregato with “is the people gathered”, a collection of documents published by the Secretariat of the German Bishops' Conference in 2009 translated “the community is gathered”. The basic form of the Missa cum populo was called “Mass with the People” in 2007 and “Celebration of the Community Mass” in 2009. This designation has established itself in the German-speaking area.

Order of the community fair

The Roman liturgy traditionally has only one order of measurement ( Ordo missae ). However, this allows certain modifications, especially with regard to the number and situation of the participants (e.g. group masses, mass celebrations with children). With regard to the texts, the Ordinarium remains the same on all days of the church year or only knows a few, including important selected texts . In addition to the Eucharistic Prayer , these are: Kyrie and Gloria in the opening, the Credo after the scriptures have been read, the Sanctus in the Prayer and the Agnus Dei when breaking bread. The biblical readings with response psalm and the call to the gospel as well as the chants accompanying the processions of the celebration of mass ( introit , offertory and communion ) change from day to day. These own texts are therefore called " Proprium ".

Today, Holy Mass is usually celebrated in the respective vernacular . The altar and the priest's seat are arranged so that the celebrating priest officiates facing the congregation. The Second Vatican Council particularly emphasized the active participation of all believers (“ Participatio actuosa ”). Not only the affirmation of the priestly official prayers through the "Amen", but songs, chants and acclamations sung by everyone are part of Holy Mass. Gestures and gestures of the fellow celebrants accompany the liturgical process.

In addition to the celebrating priest and, if necessary, the deacon, lay people also take on services at the parish fair , for example as lecturers , cantors or acolytes .

Usually the congregation sings a song at the opening. After the penitential rite , the Kyrie and (on Sundays and feast days outside of Advent and Lent ) the Gloria are sung. After the daily prayer , which closes the opening, there are readings from the Old and New Testament , three on Sundays and festivals, two on weekdays, and only one in exceptional cases. In either case, the final reading is from the Gospels . The first two readings are given by the lecturer, the Gospel by the deacon or, if no deacon is present, the priest himself. The first reading is followed by the psalm response . The gospel is preceded by the call before the gospel . At least on Sundays and feast days, the Gospel is followed by a sermon ( homily ). It is followed by the creed ( creed ) and always intercessions on Sundays and holidays .

The Liturgy of the Word is followed by the Eucharist . During the preparation of the gifts , the altar is prepared and the host bowl ( paten ), chalice, bread, wine and water are brought to the altar. The preparation of the gifts can be accompanied by a chant and is concluded with the priest's prayer . This is followed by the Eucharistic Prayer , which the priest recites on behalf of the Church. The congregation participates through attentive listening and special calls, including Sanctus and a final “ Amen ”. During the Eucharistic Prayer, the change from bread and wine to the body and blood of Christ takes place ( transubstantiation ).

The following holy communion is prepared more closely by the Our Father , the greeting of peace and the breaking of bread with accompanying Agnus Dei . During or after communion, one sings an accompaniment or thanksgiving song ( communio ). Chalices and godparents are carefully cleaned ( purification ) after communion or after mass at the altar or the sideboard . The Eucharistic celebration closes with a prayer of thanksgiving ( postcommunio , closing prayer), the blessing or prayer over the people and the liturgical discharge ( Ite, missa est , “Go in peace”). To extract the priest and his assistant a final song is often sung.

The use of incense , festive robes, noble liturgical implements , music and singing illustrate the dignity and solemnity of Holy Mass.

opening

  • Entrance and song ( Introit ).
  • Opening with the sign of the cross and the old Christian greeting from the priest: "The Lord (Bishop: Peace) be with you." All: "And with your spirit." A brief introduction to the celebration can follow.
  • General admission of guilt . The three possible forms are "I confess God Almighty ...", "Have mercy, Lord, our God ..." or a Kyrie litany.
  • If a Kyrie litany has not been prayed, the Kyrie follows : “Lord have mercy (us). Christ, have mercy (us). Lord, have mercy on (us). "
  • On Sundays and holidays (except in Advent and Lent) the Gloria is sung: "Glory to God on high ..."
  • After the prayer invitation “Let us pray” and a short silence, the daily prayer follows, which ends with the “Amen” of the congregation.

Word worship

Eucharistic celebration

During prayer
  • Gift preparation :
    • Procession of gifts: the gifts (bread, wine and water) are brought into the chancel by acolytes, members of the community or communion helpers. Where a collection is made, it is collected at the same time. The procession of gifts is accompanied by a chant by the congregation, the offertory .
    • Hand washing of the priest (" Lavabo ")
    • Gift prayer
  • Eucharistic Prayer ("Canon")
    • Preface ( Latin preface, introduction ; “The Lord be with you.” - “And with your spirit.” / “Lift up your hearts ...” - “We have them with the Lord.” / “Let us thank the Lord, our God. "-" That is worthy and right. "/" In truth it is worthy and right ... ")
    • Sanctus ("Holy, holy, holy, God, Lord of all powers and powers ...")
    • Epiclesis (calling down the Holy Spirit on the gifts of bread and wine; "Send your spirit down on these gifts, that they may become the body and blood of your beloved Son, our Lord Jesus Christ ...").
    • Consecration and anamnesis (spoken or sung "words of institution" as a reconstruction of the Last Supper , the "climax" of the change; "Take and eat all of it: this is my body ..." "Take and drink all of it: This is my blood ...")
    • Acclamation of the congregation after " mystery of faith ": z. B. "Your death, O Lord, we announce ..." (spoken or sung)
    • Intercessions (prayer for the unity of the church, its leaders and all believers, prayer for the deceased, request for admission into eternity, if one dies one day)
    • Doxology : "Through him and with him and in him is to you, God, almighty Father, in the unity of the Holy Spirit all glory and honor now and for ever." The congregation affirms the whole prayer with "Amen".
  • Communion
    • Our father with embolism added after the petitions ("Deliver us, Lord, Almighty Father, above all evil and give peace in our days ...") and the ancient church doxology "For yours is the kingdom ...".
    • Prayer for peace and a greeting of peace : “The peace of the Lord be with you always.” “And with your spirit”; After the liturgical greeting of peace, the priest or deacon often invites the congregation to a personal greeting of peace: "Give one another a sign of peace and reconciliation", whereupon the parishioners wish each other peace: "Peace be with you."
    • Breaking bread and Agnus Dei : “Lamb of God, you take away the sin of the world, have mercy on us. Lamb of God, you take away the sin of the world, give us your peace. "
    • Communion walk: Begins with “See the Lamb of God…”, “Lord, I am not worthy of you entering…”, followed by communion of the priest in both forms (body and blood of Christ), the liturgical services and that of the community on. The chalice of the community is recommended on certain days or occasions. Communion is accompanied by a song ( communio ).
    • Purification (cleaning of the liturgical vessels ) takes place after Communion or after Mass .
    • Acknowledgments: silence and / or singing.
    • Postcommunio (closing prayer).

Graduation and discharge

See also

literature

Single receipts

  1. ^ Hans Bernhard Meyer : Eucharist: history, theology, pastoral. Pustet, Regensburg 1989, ISBN 3-7917-1200-4 (Church service. Handbook of liturgical science, part 4), p. 173.
  2. ^ Secretariat of the German Bishops' Conference: Missale Romanum. Editio typica tertia 2002, Basic Order of the Roman Missal, Pre-publication for the German Missal (3rd edition) , Working Aids No. 215, Bonn 2007, 112–114 ( PDF )
  3. ^ Secretariat of the German Bishops' Conference: Missale Romanum. Editio typica tertia 2002, Basic Order of the Roman Missal Book, preliminary publication for the German Missal Book (3rd edition) , Working Aids No. 215, Bonn 2007, 252–254 ( PDF )
  4. ↑ Second Vatican Council, Sacrosanctum Concilium - Constitution on Sacred Liturgy, No. 27
  5. ^ Liturgie.de, Institution Generalis Missalis Romani 2002
  6. ^ Basic order of the Roman Missal , June 12, 2007 , approved by the German Bishops' Conference, the Austrian Bishops' Conference, the Swiss Bishops' Conference, the Archbishop of Vaduz and the Archbishop of Luxembourg.
  7. ^ The Mass Celebration - Document Collection, edited by the Secretariat of the German Bishops' Conference (Arbeitshilfen 77)
  8. ↑ for example: Liturgical Institutes (ed.): The celebration of the parish mass. Hand issue. Extract from the authentic edition of the missal for the dioceses of the German-speaking area. Herder-Verlag, 2nd edition 2014, ISBN 978-3-451-23497-2 .