Bibernell ram
| Bibernell ram | ||||||||||||
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Bibernell ram ( Zygaena minos ) |
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| Zygaena minos | ||||||||||||
| ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775) |
The Bibernell ram ( Zygaena minos ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the ram family (Zygaenidae).
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 28 to 35 millimeters. The forewings each have three broad, red longitudinal stripes, of which the middle one, which points to the wing tip, is broadened at the end. The antennae have a thick and blunt lobe at the end. The females have a white ruff, the color of the ribbons can be changed from a bright red to a yellowish orange. The species can only be distinguished from the thyme ram ( Zygaena purpuralis ) through a genital examination .
The 27 to 29 millimeter long caterpillars differ from those of the thyme ram ( Zygaena purpuralis ). They are white to light gray-bluish in color instead of yellow, but have the same rows of small black dots on the sides and large black dots on the back.
Similar species
- Thyme ram ( Zygaena purpuralis )
Occurrence
They occur in southern and central Europe north to southern Scandinavia and east to the Urals . They live on limestone grasslands , sandy soils and other warm and sunny places where their herbivores grow, but are generally more tied to warm locations than Z. purpuralis . Well-known sites in Austria are, for example, the Wachau or Pyburg (community St. Pantaleon-Erla ) near Enns on the border between Upper and Lower Austria.
Way of life
The moths can be found in smaller groups on flowers. Above all, they prefer purple flowers such as B. Marsh , ( Scabiosa ), Stachys ( Stachys ) and Natternkopf ( echium ) are also on the yellow flowers of old herbs ( Senecio to find). The caterpillars live close to the ground and do not climb up on the food plants in the evening.
Flight and caterpillar times
The animals fly from the beginning of June to the beginning of July and can therefore be found about two weeks earlier than the thyme rams. When these fly, the Bibernell rams have often already taken off.
Food of the caterpillars
The caterpillars feed exclusively ( monophag ) on the leaves of the small beagle ( Pimpinella saxifraga ).
development
The females lay their whitish eggs in piles on the underside of the feeding plants. Like those of Z. purpuralis, the caterpillars are ready to pupate earlier than those of other rams.
Systematics
The two species Zygaena purpuralis and Zygaena minos are also known as the purpuralis complex because of their similarity . The two species can be clearly separated from one another by examining the genitals , while a habitual differentiation is not possible in the field. In addition, both species often occur at the same time in many localities.
Synonyms
Zygaena diaphana ssp. pimpinellae GUHN,
Zygaena sareptensis ssp. pimpinellae GUHN,
Zygaena sareptensis REBEL
Hazard and protection
- Red list FRG: 3 (endangered).
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Clas M. Naumann, On the knowledge of the taxa of the Zygaena purpuralis complex described by Hugo Reiss , Entomofauna, Volume 3, Issue 28, Linz, 1982 ( PDF )
- ↑ Zoological-Botanical Database, Linz
- ^ Karl Kusdas, Ernst R. Reichl: The butterflies of Upper Austria, Volume 2, Linz 1974
- ↑ Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg , Volume 3: Moths I (root borer (Hepialidae), wood borer (Cossidae), ram (Zygaenidae), snail spinner (Limacodidae), bag bearer (Psychidae), window spot (Thyrididae)) . Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-800-13472-1
- ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany. Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 978-3-896-24110-8
literature
- Heiko Bellmann : The new Kosmos butterfly guide. Butterflies, caterpillars and forage plants. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-440-09330-1 .
- Hans-Josef Weidemann, Jochen Köhler: Moths. Weirdos and hawkers. Naturbuch-Verlag, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-89440-128-1 .
- CM Naumann, GM Tarmann, WG Tremewan: The Western Palaearctic Zygaenidae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 1999, ISBN 87-88757-15-3
Web links
- Lepiforum e. V. Photos and taxonomy
- www.schmetterling-raupe.de
- Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa (English)
- Zygaena minos at Fauna Europaea