Scabiosis
| Scabiosis | ||||||||||||
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Shine scabiosis ( Scabiosa lucida ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Scabiosa | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The scabiosa ( Scabiosa ) form a genus of plants in the subfamily of the cardiac family (Dipsacoideae) within the family of the honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae). The 30 to 100 species are distributed in East Asia, from East to South Africa and in the Mediterranean region.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The scabioses are annual or perennial herbaceous plants . They rarely lignify at the bottom. The stems are not angular and have no spines.
The opposite leaves are undivided to pinnate. They are often in non-blooming rosettes.
Generative characteristics
The flowers are in broad, long-stalked head-shaped inflorescences , which are surrounded by one to three rows of bracts . The outer cup is up to 3 millimeters high, membranous and indistinctly serrated. Chaff leaves sit on the bottom of the head .
The flowers are hermaphroditic with a double flower envelope . The calyx usually ends in four to five bristles or teeth. The crown is unevenly five-lobed. The marginal florets are radiant.
The fruits are nut-like, cylindrical, single-seeded closing fruits with eight furrows.
etymology
Before Linnaeus, the name was used to denote several genera with blue, heady inflorescences. The origin and meaning of this name is unclear. It is often derived from the Latin scabies = scabies , skin rash, eczema, from scabere = 'to scratch'. The common names Grindkraut and Krätzkraut also come from this use, which however only referred to Knautia arvensis .
Systematics and distribution
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The genus Scabiosa was 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , vol 1, page 98, first published . A synonym for Scabiosa L. is Asterocephalus tin . Some species have been separated into other genera.
The approximately 30 species of the genus Scabiosa s. st. are widespread in East Asia , from East to South Africa and in the Mediterranean region. About 20 occur in Europe. Come in Central Europe: Gray or fragrance Skabiose ( Scabiosa canescens ), Doves Skabiose ( Scabiosa columbaria ), Krainer Skabiose ( Scabiosa cinerea subsp. Hladnikiana ), gloss Skabiose ( Scabiosa lucida ), Yellow Pincushion flower ( Scabiosa ochroleuca ) and Southern Skabiose ( Scabiosa triandra ).
The genus Scabiosa s. st. contains about 30 ( Scabiosa sl up to 100) species .:
- Scabiosa achaeta Vis. & Pančić : This endemic occurs only in Serbia .
- Scabiosa adzharica Schchian : This endemic occurs only in Georgia .
- Scabiosa africana L .: It occurs in South Africa .
- Scabiosa andryalifolia (Pau) Devesa
- Scabiosa bipinnata C. Koch
- Gray or Scented Scabiosa ( Scabiosa canescens Waldst. & Kit. )
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Scabiosa cinerea Lam. : There are about two subspecies:
- Scabiosa cinerea Lam. subsp. cinerea : It occurs in Spain , France , Croatia , Serbia and Albania .
- Krainer Skabiose ( Scabiosa cinerea subsp. Hladnikiana (Host) Jasiewicz , Syn .: Scabiosa hladnikiana host ): This is only endemic in the eastern Alps ago in Slovenia, Italy and Croatia.
- Scabiosa colchica Steven : This endemic occurs only in Georgia .
- Pigeon scabiosis ( Scabiosa columbaria L. )
- Scabiosa correvoniana Sommier & Levier : It occurs in Armenia and Georgia.
- Scabiosa corsica (Litard.) Gamisans : This endemic occurs only in Corsica .
- Scabiosa crinita Kotschy & Boiss.
- Scabiosa fumarioides Vis. & Pančić
- Scabiosa georgica Sulak.
- Scabiosa holosericea Bertol. : It occurs in Italy and Sardinia .
- Scabiosa hyrcanica Steven
- Scabiosa imeretica (Sommier & Levier) Sulak. : This endemic occurs only in Georgia.
- Scabiosa intermedia (Post) Bornm. : It occurs in Turkey and Lebanon .
- Scabiosa japonica Miq. : The home is Japan .
- Gloss Scabiosa ( Scabiosa lucida Vill. ): It occurs in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe from the Vosges and the Pyrenees to the Carpathians , the Apennines and the Balkan Peninsula .
- Scabiosa mollissima Viv.
- Scabiosa nitens Roem. & Schult. : This endemic occurs only in the Azores .
- Yellow scabiosis ( Scabiosa ochroleuca L. ): It occurs particularly in Eastern Europe and in Eastern Central Europe .
- Scabiosa owerinii Boiss. : It occurs in Azerbaijan , Georgia and the Caucasus .
- Scabiosa paphlagonica Bornm.
- Scabiosa parviflora Desf. : This endemic occurs only in Sicily .
- Scabiosa praemontana Privalova : This endemic occurs only in the Crimea .
- Scabiosa pyrenaica All.
- Scabiosa rupestris M.Bieb. : It occurs in the Caucasus region.
- Leimkrautblättrige Skabiose ( Scabiosa silenifolia ) Waldst. & Kit. : It occurs circumadriatically in the Abruzzo and the Western Dinarides south of the Snežnik to the Prokletije .
- Scabiosa sosnowskyi Sulak.
- Scabiosa taygetea Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs in Italy, Serbia, Bulgaria , Albania and Greece .
- Scabiosa tenuis Boiss.
- Southern Scabiosa ( Scabiosa triandra L. ): It occurs in southern Europe and in southern central Europe.
- Scabiosa triniifolia Friv.
- Scabiosa turolensis Willk. : It occurs in Morocco and Spain.
- Scabiosa uniseta Savi : It occurs only in Italy.
- Scabiosa velenovskyana Bobrov
- Scabiosa vestina Facch. ex WDJ Koch : It occurs only in Italy in the Southern Alps and the Apennines.
- Scabiosa webbiana D.Don : It occurs in Serbia, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Lebanon and in European and Asian Turkey .
No longer to Scabiosa L. , but to the genus Lomelosia Raf. are expected u. a. the following types:
- Lomelosia caucasica (M.Bieb.) Greuter & Burdet , Syn .: Scabiosa caucasica M.Bieb.
- Lomelosia crenata (Cirillo) Greuter & Burdet , Syn .: Scabiosa crenata Cirillo : It occurs in the Mediterranean area.
- Crete scabiosis ( Lomelosia cretica (L.) Greuter & Burdet , Syn .: Scabiosa cretica L. ): It occurs in Italy, Sicily and the Balearic Islands.
- Grass-leaved scabiosis ( Lomelosia graminifolia (L.) Greuter & Burdet , Syn .: Scabiosa graminifolia L. ): It occurs in southern Europe.
- Lomelosia micrantha (Desf.) Greuter & Burdet , Syn .: Scabiosa micrantha Desf. : The home is Southeast and Eastern Europe as well as West to Central Asia .
- Lomelosia pulsatilloides (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet , Syn .: Scabiosa pulsatilloides Boiss. : The two subspecies occur only in Spain.
The following species are no longer included in Scabiosa but in Pseudoscabiosa Devesa :
- Pseudoscabiosa limonifolia (Vahl) Devesa (Syn .: Scabiosa limonifolia Vahl ): This endemic occurs only in Sicily.
- Pseudoscabiosa saxatilis (Cav.) Devesa (Syn .: Scabiosa saxatilis Cav. ): It occurs in Spain
- Pseudoscabiosa grosii (Font Quer) Devesa (Syn .: Scabiosa grosii Font Quer ): This endemic occurs only in southern Spain.
No longer to Scabiosa but to the genus Sixalix Raf. The types are calculated (selection):
- Velvet scabiosis ( Sixalix atropurpurea (L.) Greuter & Burdet , Syn .: Scabiosa atropurpurea L. )
- Sixalix doppelcoides (Desf.) Raf. , Syn .: Scabiosa daucoides Desf.
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literature
- Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
- Yasin J. Nasir: Dipsacaceae . In: SI Ali, M. Qaiser (Ed.): Flora of West Pakistan . tape 94 . Stewart Herbarium, Rawalpindi 1975, OCLC 311348861 , Scabiosa , p. 9 (English, online at efloras.org . - Scabiosa Linn. , Same text as the printed work).
- Deyuan Hong, Liming Ma, Fred R. Barrie: Dipsacaceae In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 19: Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 , pp. 359 (English). Scabiosa - online with the same text as the printed work (sections description, distribution and systematics)
- Adam Jasiewicz: Scabiosa L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976, ISBN 0-521-08717-1 , pp. 68–74 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Sara E. Carlson, Veronika Mayer, Michael J. Donoghue: Phylogenetic relationships, taxonomy, and morphological evolution in Dipsacaceae (Dipsacales) inferred by DNA sequence data. In: Taxon , Volume 58, Issue 4, 2009, pp. 1075-1091. PDF.
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. Birkhäuser, Basel / Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-7643-0755-2 , p. 331.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . tape 1 . Stockholm 1753, p. 98 ( First online publication by Scabiosa scanned at Biodiversity Heritage Library ).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as G. Domina ( 2017): Dipsacaceae. : Datasheet Scabiosa , In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ↑ a b c d Scabiosa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
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