Scabiosa japonica

Scabiosa japonica
	Scabiosa japonica
Systematics
	Euasterids II
Order :	Cardigans (Dipsacales)
Family :	Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae)
Subfamily :	Cardaceae (Dipsacoideae)
Genre :	Marsh ( Scabiosa )
Type :	Scabiosa japonica
Scientific name
	Scabiosa japonica
	Miq.

The Scabiosa japonica , also Japanese Skabiose called, is a plant from the genus of the Marsh ( Scabiosa ). The home is in Japan. The variety Scabiosa japonica var. Alpina (also called Japanese mountain scabiosa) is occasionally used with some varieties as an ornamental plant.

description

Appearance and foliage leaf

Scabiosa japonica is a biennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 60 to 90 centimeters. It has an unbranched, thick main root. The loosely branched stem, which is round in cross section, is covered with downwardly directed, downy hairs.

The two leaf surfaces are also slightly hairy, especially at the edge and the leaf veins on the underside of the leaf. The opposite leaves are paper-like. The 6 to 17 centimeters long, oval to oblong-lanceolate leaf blade is pinnate. The terminal leaflet varies in shape from lanceolate to ovate and ends blunt to pointed.

Inflorescence from above, with open marginal flowers and budding central flowers.

Inflorescence, infructescence, flower and fruit

The heady inflorescence , standing on a long inflorescence stalk, is flattened and measures 3 to 4 centimeters in diameter to the tips of the flowers, in the case of the Scabiosa japonica var. Alpina variety up to 5 centimeters. The fluffy hairy bracts (involucral leaves ) are 1 to 1.8 centimeters long and linear-lanceolate with a pointed upper end. The dense, downy, hairy chaff leaves on the base of the head are 4 to 5 millimeters long and obverse-lanceolate with a pointed upper end. The membranous outer calyx is about 3 millimeters long, bell-shaped and divided into ten teeth in the upper third, which are egg-shaped with a more or less pointed upper end.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold. The five tiny, soft, hairy sepals are fused together like a plate, the calyx has a diameter of about 1 millimeter and the thin, bristle-shaped calyx tips are about 2 to 4 millimeters long. The five petals with soft hair on the outside form a two-lipped crown, the upper lip of which is deeply two-lobed and the lower lip is three-lobed. The marginal flowers are clearly shaped differently than the flowers in the center of the inflorescence. In the larger marginal flowers, the corollas are clearly two-lipped and 1 to 1.5 centimeters long; the corolla lobes of the deep two-lobed upper lip are circular-egg-shaped with a length of 3 to 4 millimeters, the corolla lobes of the deep three-lobed lower lip are oblong with a length of 7 to 10 millimeters. The crown of the smaller central flowers is only slightly two-lipped and 5 to 6 millimeters long with broad ovoid, 1.5 to 1.8 millimeter long corolla lobes, the lower three being slightly larger than the two upper ones. In addition to specimens with blue to purple flowers, there are also those with white. The four stamens protrude from the corolla. Scabiosa japonica flowers from August to October.

Until the fruit is ripe, the flat inflorescences bulge into spherical fruit bunches with a diameter of 1 to 1.5 centimeters. The solitary closing fruits are enclosed by the octagonal and densely hairy outer calyx, which is obovate-ellipsoid and 3 to 3.5 millimeters long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

Habit, leaves, inflorescences and fruit clusters of Scabiosa japonica var. Alpina

Occurrence

Scabiosa japonica is native to Japan and occurs on the islands of Honshū , Shikoku and Kyushu . It grows at altitudes of 800 to 2000 meters, the variety Scabiosa japonica var. Alpina even higher, from 1800 to 2800 meters. On Honshū a form Scabiosa japonica f. littoralis , which occurs on the sea beach and remains significantly smaller at 10 to 20 centimeters in height. Scabiosa japonica occurs in sunny fields, meadows and mountain slopes. It needs moist, but well-drained, neutral to alkaline soils .

Taxonomy

The first description of Scabiosa japonica was in 1867 by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel .

In addition to the variety Scabiosa japonica var. Alpina Takeda , the two forms Scabiosa japonica f. albiflora (Honda) Hara (with white flowers) and Scabiosa japonica f. littoralis Nakai . The variety Scabiosa japonica var. Acutiloba Hara , for which occurrences outside of Japan in Korea, Russia and China are also given, is regarded by the Flora of China 2011 as a synonym of Scabiosa comosa . Synonyms for Scabiosa japonica Miq. are Scabiosa comosa var. japonica (Miq.) Tatew. , Scabiosa fischeri var. Japonica (Miq.) Nakai , Scabiosa tschiliensis var. Japonica (Miq.) Hurus.

use

Scabiosa japonica var. Alpina is occasionally used as an ornamental plant. It is suitable for rock gardens with a good water supply and can be planted in both sunny and shady locations.

The leaves can be eaten cooked. The underground plant parts are also reported to be eaten.

Individual evidence

↑ Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 , p. 1726.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h T. Yamazaki: Flora of Japan. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 10, 2014 ; Retrieved November 26, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
^ Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel: Prolusio Florae Iaponicae. Pars quinta. In Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi. Volume 3, 1867, pp. 91-209 ( here: p. 113 ).
↑ Deyuan Hong, Liming Ma, Fred R. Barrie: Dipsacaceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3 , Scabiosa comosa , p. 657 (English, online - PDF file; 120 kB ). (Sections description, systematics, about 10 species are written there, and distribution).
^ Scabiosa japonica at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ Richard Hansen , Friedrich Stahl: The perennials and their areas of life . 5th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1997, ISBN 3-8001-6630-5 , pp. 401 .
^ Scabiosa japonica at Plants For A Future

Web links

Commons : Scabiosa japonica - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[Zander-1] Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 , p. 1726.

[FoJ-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h T. Yamazaki: Flora of Japan. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 10, 2014 ; Retrieved November 26, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[Miquel1867-3] Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel: Prolusio Florae Iaponicae. Pars quinta. In Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi. Volume 3, 1867, pp. 91-209 ( here: p. 113 ).

[FoC-4] Deyuan Hong, Liming Ma, Fred R. Barrie: Dipsacaceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3 , Scabiosa comosa , p. 657 (English, online - PDF file; 120 kB ). (Sections description, systematics, about 10 species are written there, and distribution).

[tropicos-5] Scabiosa japonica at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[hansen-6] Richard Hansen , Friedrich Stahl: The perennials and their areas of life . 5th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1997, ISBN 3-8001-6630-5 , pp. 401 .

[PFAF-7] Scabiosa japonica at Plants For A Future