Yellow scabiosis

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Yellow scabiosis
Yellow scabiosis (Scabiosa ochroleuca)

Yellow scabiosis ( Scabiosa ochroleuca )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Cardigans (Dipsacales)
Family : Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae)
Subfamily : Cardaceae (Dipsacoideae)
Genre : Marsh ( Scabiosa )
Type : Yellow scabiosis
Scientific name
Scabiosa ochroleuca
L.

The yellow Skabiose or yellow Skabiose ( Scabiosa ochroleuca ) is a plant from the genus of the Marsh ( Scabiosa ).

description

Vegetative characteristics

The yellow Skabiose is a two- to perennial , herbaceous plant reached, the plant height of 20 to 60 centimeters. The stem is usually branched and often very hairy.

Generative characteristics

The basal leaves are usually simply pinnate with a lanceolate terminal leaf , hairy on the underside of the nerves. The opposite , central stem leaves are single to double pinnate, with short curly hairs, their lateral tips are 0.5 to 2 mm wide. The end lobes are hardly wider than the side lobes.

The head-shaped inflorescence has a diameter of 1.5 to 3.5 centimeters and is surrounded by bracts. The bottom of the head has chaff leaves . The flowers are hermaphroditic, proterandric , with outer calyx . The marginal flowers are radiant. The calyx has five striking fox-red (later brownish) chalice bristles. The fused-leaf crown is five columns, pale to light yellow, with mostly four stamens and a stylus . The ovary is subordinate.

The yellow scabiosa blooms from July to November and fruit from July to December. The fruit is a nut ( achenes ).

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

ecology

Yellow scabiosis is a scleromorphic hemicryptophyte .

The pollination is carried out mainly by bees, bumblebees and hoverflies, but to a lesser extent by other insects.

The diaspores spread through the wind ( anemochory ).

Occurrence

Yellow scabiosis is particularly common in south- eastern Europe and eastern central Europe. Its distribution area includes the countries Algeria , Spain , Germany , Austria , the Czech Republic , Slovakia , Hungary , Serbia , Croatia , Slovenia , Bulgaria , Romania , Albania , Moldova , Greece , Poland , Latvia , Lithuania , Estonia , Russia , Belarus , Ukraine , Georgia , Azerbaijan , the Caucasus , European and Asian Turkey . In Austria it does not occur in the west , it is common in the Pannonian region , in Germany it occurs in the eastern low mountain range and lowlands.

The yellow scabiosis thrives in Central Europe in dry grasslands , dry meadows, embankments, railway embankments and even occurs on slag heaps. It is a bit chalk-loving and grows from the colline to the montane level . It occurs in plant communities of the associations Cirsio-Brachypodion and Festucion valesiacae or the order Agropyretalia.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Scabiosa ochroleuca was in 1753 by Carl von Linné . Synonyms for Scabiosa ochroleuca L. are: Scabiosa flavescens Griseb. & Schenk , Scabiosa scopolii Link , Scabiosa ochroleuca subsp. danubialis Velen. , Scabiosa ochroleuca subsp. rhodopea Velen. Subtaxa are no longer accepted.

photos

  • Yellow scabiosa - flowers with fox-red calyx teeth

  • Yellow scabiosis - male phase of the flowers

  • Fruit cluster (head)

  • Flowers / fruits, side view

  • Blossom / fruit, supervision

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Scabiosa ochroleuca L., yellow scabiosis. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  888-889 .
  3. ↑ N. Mohr: Population biological studies of Scabiosa ochroleuca on vineyard slopes. Diploma thesis, Institute for Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, October 2008. online.
  4. ↑ a b G. Domina (2017): Dipsacaceae. : Datasheet Scabiosa ochroleuca , In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Punz: On the vegetation of blast furnace slag heaps. In: Linz Biological Contributions. 21st year, Linz 1989, pp. 211–228 ( PDF (739 kB) on ZOBODAT ).

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • A. Jasiewicz: Scabiosa. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976, ISBN 0-521-08717-1 , pp. 73 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).

Web links

Commons : Yellow Scabiosa ( Scabiosa ochroleuca )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files