Birch villages
Coordinates: 48 ° 47 ′ 30 ″ N , 9 ° 10 ′ 19 ″ E
| Birch villages | |
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| House Birkendörfle 11 | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Stuttgart |
| Borough | Stuttgart-North |
| Created | 1907-1911 |
| Connecting roads | Birkenwaldstrasse Mönchhaldenstrasse |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrians, cyclists, motorists |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | around 320 meters |
The Birkendörfle is a Stuttgart housing estate in the dead end street of the same name in the Stuttgart-Nord district . The estate was built between 1907 and 1911 by the Stuttgart architect Karl Hengerer in the style of Black Forest houses. The original appearance of the settlement was largely lost due to the destruction of the Second World War and modern renovations.
location
The Birklendörfle is a settlement and a cul-de-sac in the Mönchhalde district of the Stuttgart-Nord district . It is located on the steep slope of a former quarry and stretches between the upper Mönchhaldenstrasse and a wide western curve of the upper Birkenwaldstrasse. In the northeast, the settlement is bounded by the Mönchhalde vineyard field. Due to its enclosed location, the birch village actually gives the impression of a "village" in the middle of the city.
From a wider perspective, the Birklendörfle lies below the Killesberg between the Bismarck Tower in the west and the Bürgerhospital in the east.
course
The birch village begins at the confluence with the birch forest road. Here the street initially runs in a north-easterly direction between the kindergarten on the left and a staircase on the right that leads straight down to Mönchhaldenstraße. After the short initial section, the road turns to the northwest and after about 100 meters again to the northeast. In the curve, a narrow side branch of the street leads to the left to houses 11-19.
The street ends with houses number 25 and 26 just before the Mönchhalde vineyard. Between houses number 18 and 20 a staircase leads down to Mönchhaldenstraße. Under the Birkendörfle (around house number 2) runs underground in an east-west direction, the Gäubahn railway line , which plunges into the underground at Mönchhaldenstrasse and reappears at Schottstrasse.
The approximately 320-meter-long road lies on a slope that drops to the northeast. The road begins in the south at an altitude of about 345 meters above sea level and slopes down to the other end, which is about 320 meters high. The slope on which the road and the settlement are located begins in the west at a height of 350 meters on Birkenwaldstraße and drops to 300 meters on Mönchhaldenstraße.
The left side of the street is oddly numbered and starts with house number 1 and ends with number 25. The two houses between number 19 and number 25 should actually have the numbers 21 and 23, but belong to Birkenwaldstrasse and have the numbers 128A and 128B. Today the street consists of 24 buildings.
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description
The Birkendörfle is a quiet residential area that is inhabited by owners, tenants and freelancers. The settlement consists of two rows of houses with 24 units built on a slope. A dead end street separates the rows of houses so that the settlement is divided into an upper and a lower half.
The free-standing, three to four-story houses with large garden areas were not, as is usually the case with settlements, arranged uniformly at the eaves or at the gable . Rather, the buildings were erected at irregular intervals parallel or perpendicular to the street, so that the spacious apartments could be oriented towards the sun. Due to the half-height location and the loosened development, the view cannot be obstructed.
Originally, all houses showed typical characteristics of Black Forest houses and thus shaped the character of the settlement (see buildings ). The destruction of the Second World War and modern renovation measures meant that the former appearance of the Birkendörfle can only be guessed at today. The front gardens are bordered towards the street by retaining walls or dividing walls made of sandstone. Part of the walls is still crowned by picket fences today.
traffic
As a dead end, the Birkendörfle is naturally rarely used. Car traffic is limited to residents and visitors. The narrow street has one lane and one parking lane and narrow sidewalks on either side.
The Birkendörfle is connected to the local public transport network by bus line 44 from the nearby Helfferichstraße stop. The bus line begins at Killesberg and runs through Birkenwaldstrasse via the two main hubs, Hauptbahnhof and Charlottenplatz, to Westbahnhof in the west of Stuttgart .
Monument protection
The house Birkendörfle 11 and the garden walls, which were built from the sandstone of the former quarry, are under monument protection.
history
Historical site plan of the Birkendörfle, drawing by Karl Hengerer, 1907.
Draft drawing for the house Birkendörfle 12, around 1907.
House Birkendörfle 12, 2014.
Birkenhof restaurant, around 1900.
Note: The historical photos from 1914 (see below) show the views A – H, which are marked on the historical site plan by directional arrows (○ →).
Karl Hengerer
The Stuttgart architect Karl Hengerer , the builder of the Birkendörfle, was one of the “most busy Stuttgart architects of that time”. In the first decade of the 20th century, he not only ran a “larger construction office”, but also worked as a major construction contractor and investor. By his own admission, in 1914 he had a fortune of 1.5 million marks, making him one of the richest men in Stuttgart. He was in close contact with the banker and social reformer Eduard Pfeiffer , who initiated the Association for the Welfare of the Working Class, which he chaired for several decades.
When Hengerer began planning the Birkendörfle around 1907, he had already built a large number of other buildings. In addition, he had planned and managed two large settlement projects for the association in collaboration with Pfeiffer (workers' settlements in Ostheim and Südheim ). From 1906 to 1909 he planned and directed the redevelopment of Stuttgart's old town, in the course of which over 80 old houses were demolished and 33 new buildings were erected, including 26 by Hengerer.
View A.
View D.
View G.
View H.
settlement
“While the planning of the old town redevelopment and the Graf-Eberhard building was still in full swing, Hengerer was already busy with the next major project. Again on his own account, the »Birkendörfle« was built between 1907 and 1911, a settlement of 27 detached, villa-like two- and three-family houses with large gardens on a steep slope. "
Hengerer bought the site, a former quarry, cheaply from Pfeiffer. The half-height houses , unlike the buildings in the workers' housing estates, were supposed to satisfy high demands. Bernd Langner states that “all houses were sold during or shortly after completion”. According to the address books, however, only four of the 21 houses completed by 1911 had been sold by 1914.
building
“The design of all 27 buildings in the style of Black Forest houses was unusual . Hengerer broke away from the urban architecture, but presented the birch village by no means as an imitation, but as a free transfer of an architecture inspired by local structures. ”Typical features of these“ Black Forest houses ”were the crooked hipped roofs , the planking or shingling of the upper floors, oriels , large ones , open verandas and wide dormers .
Hengerer reserved the four-story house number 12 in the “navel” of the settlement for himself and his numerous family members and employees.
Even before the settlement was built, there was a representative restaurant on the corner of Birkendörfle and Birkenwaldstrasse, the Birkenhof restaurant (picture above), which is now the Birkendörfle kindergarten. Before the war there were birch Dörfle also a grocery load (compared to number 15). Today the Birkendörfler have to leave their “village” if they want to eat or shop, but they can still find a restaurant and a few shops in the immediate vicinity on Helfferichstrasse.
16 houses were destroyed during World War II, and house number 4 was later demolished. Reconstruction began shortly after the war and was completed in 1960. - At the beginning of the seventies, RAF terrorists are said to have lived in a flat-sharing community in the Birkendörfle, which offers many escape opportunities due to the confusing terrain.
View B.
View C.
View E.
View F.
Surname
The field name Birkenwald at the upper end of the Birkenwaldstraße, which has been documented since 1466, suggests that a birch forest used to be here. Even today, two green spaces with their birch trees to the south of the confluence with Robert-Mayer-Straße are reminiscent of the former appearance of the site, and a little further south there is a viewing platform with an old single birch. The Birkenwaldstraße, which was built around 1890, was named after the field name.
Based on the name of the Birkenwaldstraße, the street in which the Birkendörfle was built was called Birkenstraße. The settlement was referred to as the Birkenstrasse housing colony, the Birkenhöhe villa colony or the Birkendorf, also known as the “Baronenviertel”, alluding to the houses that were “luxurious for the time”. In popular parlance, the Swabian form Birkendörfle evidently emerged for the settlement, which was adopted as the official street name in 1957.
Celebrities
Eva Schroer-Köhrer
The actress Eva Schroer née Köhrer was born in Radolfzell in 1926 . A year later, the family bought the house Birkendörfle 15 in Stuttgart, where Eva Schroer spent her childhood and youth until the house was destroyed in 1944 in the Second World War. Eva Schroer recorded her experiences in the Birkendörfle in the testimony “Memories from childhood - lived and experienced in the Birkendörfle in Stuttgart”. Eva Köhrer became an actress and married the actor and director Fred Schroer, whom she met after the war as the artistic director of the Stuttgart New Theater (now the Altes Schauspielhaus ). After decades as a stage actress, she now lives in the Allgäu and works as a reciter, painter and author.
Hugo Distler
The composer and Protestant church musician Hugo Distler (1908–1942) is considered the most important representative of the renewal movement of Protestant church music after 1920 . When a performance of his Christmas story was thwarted by the Gestapo in Lübeck in 1936 , he took a position as a teacher at the Stuttgart University of Music in 1937 . He lived with his family in the Birkendörfle 15 house. It is not known how long he lived there; in any case, in 1940 he was appointed to the Berlin State University of Music and moved with his family to Strausberg near Berlin. When he received a presentation notice in 1942 , he put an end to his life.
Goldstein Brothers
The Jewish textile wholesaler Willy Goldstein lived in house Birkendörfle 1 from 1933 to 1939 with his wife Johanna and daughter Trudy. From 1934 he and his three brothers ran their business right next to the rival company of the Gattmann brothers in the Hindenburgbau . A short time later they took over the cloth wholesale business of the Jewish brothers Gattmann, who recognized the signs of the times early on and emigrated. In 1938 the Nazis forced the Goldsteins to sell their company well below its value, and their company was "Aryanized". On August 17, 1939, immediately before the outbreak of World War II and the emigration ban imposed by the Nazis, they managed to emigrate to England and later to the USA.
literature
General
- Julius Baum (editor): The Stuttgart art of the present. Stuttgart 1913, page 266.
- Johann Friedrich Häuselmann: Stuttgart residential buildings. In: Der Profanbau 1914, pages 121–152, here: 122–123, photos: 146–149, plans: 150–152.
- Bernd Langner: Non-profit housing construction around 1900. Karl Hengerer's buildings for the Stuttgart Association for the Welfare of the Working Class. Stuttgart 1994, pages 226-230, 239, 244.
- P. Rose: Birkenstrasse housing colony in Stuttgart. In: Deutsche Bauhütte Volume 17, 1913, pages 646–649.
- State capital Stuttgart, Office for Urban Planning and Urban Renewal, Lower Monument Protection Authority (publisher): List of cultural monuments. Immovable architectural and artistic monuments, Stuttgart 2008, online: .
- Eva Walter; Thomas Pfründel: The Stuttgart street names. Stuttgart 1992, page 36.
- Gerd Wurster; Jupp Klegraf; Eva Schroer-Köhrer: 100 years of Birkendörfle Stuttgart 1910–2010. Stuttgart 2010.
Archives
- Stuttgart, city archive
- Address books
- Road index
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ # Langner 1994 , page 229.
- ↑ # Langner 1994 , page 229.
- ↑ #Stuttgart 2008 .
- ↑ #Wurster 2010 , without reference to the source.
- ↑ # Langner 1994 , page 213. - Karl Hengerer's complete works include around 400 buildings.
- ↑ # Langner 1994 , page 225.
- ↑ # Langner 1994 , page 233.
- ↑ # Langner 1994 , pages 242-244.
- ↑ # Langner 1994 , pp. 51-102.
- ↑ # Langner 1994 , page 170.
- ↑ # Langner 1994 , page 226. - According to the address book of 1915, there were only 21 houses (numbers 1–20, 22).
- ↑ # Langner 1994 , page 226.
- ↑ # Address Books , 1912, 1915.
- ↑ In 2014, 24 houses belonged to the Birkendörfle according to the official numbering.
- ↑ # Langner 1994 , page 227.
- ↑ #Langner 1994 , page 227. - According to Langner, house number 12 is said to have been completed first. According to handwritten notes in the address book from 1911 (copy from the Stuttgart City Archives), house number 3 was the first to be completed in 1907, house 12 and a dozen other houses in 1910 ( # address books , 1911).
- ↑ #Wurster 2010 .
- ↑ #Wurster 2010 .
- ↑ #Walter 1992 , page 36.
- ↑ #Rose 1913 , #Baum 1913.1 , # 1914.2 Häuselmann .
- ↑ #Wurster 2010 .
- ↑ # Address Books , 1957, #Walter 1992 .
- ↑ #Wurster 2010 .
- ↑ Eva Schroer's website: (with a list of her publications).
- ↑ Wikipedia article Hugo Distler , Eva Schroer-Köhrer in #Wurster 2010 .
- ↑ Jupp Klegraf in #Wurster 2010 .