Pale earth smoke

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Pale earth smoke
Pale earth smoke (Fumaria vaillantii)

Pale earth smoke ( Fumaria vaillantii )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Poppy Family (Papaveraceae)
Subfamily : Fumitoy (Fumarioideae)
Genre : Fume ( Fumaria )
Type : Pale earth smoke
Scientific name
Fumaria vaillantii
Loisel.

The pale earth smoke ( Fumaria vaillantii ), also called bushy earth smoke or fine-leaved earth smoke , is a plant species of the subfamily of the earth smoke plants (Fumarioideae) of the family within the poppy plants (Papaveraceae) that occurs in Central Europe . The scientific name honors the French botanist Sébastien Vaillant (1669–1722).

Appearance

blossom

The pale earth smoke is closely related to the common earth smoke ( Fumaria officinalis ) which is mostly common in Central Europe . This annual herbaceous plant reaches heights of 10 to 30 cm. The stem grows upright to ascending and is branched. The leaves are bipinnate and have leaf tips that are two to six times as long as they are wide.

The racemose inflorescence is six to 15 flowered and including the inflorescence stem 1 to 4.5 cm long. The bracts reach lengths of up to 2.5 mm and are about three quarters as long as the 1.5 to 3 mm long, upright fruit stalks. The hermaphrodite, zygomorphic flowers are 5 to 6 mm long. The two sepals have a length of up to 1 mm and are about half as wide. The four petals are whitish-red in color, have dark wings and are provided with a dark purple spot at the tip. The crown has a length of 5 to 6 mm. The spur is 1 to 1.5 mm long. The pale earth smoke blooms mainly in the months of May to October.

The spherical fruit has a diameter of 1.7 to 2.4 mm and is blunt in front.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32.

Subspecies

Fumaria vaillantii subsp. vaillantii (fruit scheme)
Fumaria vaillantii subsp. schrammii (fruit scheme)

In addition to this described subspecies Fumaria vaillantii subsp. vaillantii there is also Fumaria vaillantii subsp. schrammii (Ascherson) Nyman , also known as Schramms Erdrauch ( Fumaria schrammii (Ascherson) Velen. ), which differs in the following characteristics:

  • The flowers are pale purple in color and have no dark wings
  • The bracts are about half as long as the fruit stalks
  • The fruit has a tiny tip at the front.

There are flowing transitions between these two subspecies, so that a clear separation is not always possible. In some areas there seem to be only “transitional forms”. (so in Baden-Württemberg).

Distribution and location requirements

In Fumaria vaillantii is originally a Mediterranean-West Asian species, which is now used in most of Europe. They are also found in northwest Africa and east to central Asia.

In Germany, the pale earth smoke occurs more frequently, especially in the southern part. In the north and west of the area, however, it is largely absent.

In Austria this species can be found frequently in the Pannonian region . In addition, it occurs scattered and is endangered in some areas.

In Switzerland, the pale earth smoke is generally scattered.

The pale earth smoke grows in arable weed communities, on fallow land, on paths, in gardens and on rubble. It is a nitrogen pointer that prefers moderately dry or fresh, nutrient-rich and calcareous clay soils. In Central Europe it thrives in societies of the associations Caucalidion and Fumario-Euphorbion.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 430.
  2. ↑ Sebald, Seybold, Philippi: The ferns and flowers of Baden-Württemberg , Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8

literature

Web links

Commons : Pale Erdrauch  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files