Pale yellow villi milkling
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Pale yellow villi milkling ( Lactarius tuomikoskii ) |
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| Lactarius tuomikoskii | ||||||||||||
| Kytov |
The pale yellow villous Milchling ( Lactarius tuomikoskii ) is a fungal art from the family of Täublingsverwandten (Russulaceae). It is a medium to large milkling with a yellow discoloring milk and a pale yellow, unzoned hat, which is often wrinkled radially at the edge. The Milchling grows in moist, base-poor coniferous forests and is associated with spruce trees. The fruiting bodies of the inedible Milchling usually appear between August and September. The Milchling is mainly found in the boreal coniferous forest zone of Fennos Scandinavia.
features
Macroscopic features
The 4–8 (16) cm wide hat is flatly arched when young, soon spread out and depressed in the middle. The surface is smooth, matt and, when wet, greasy to slimy. From a young age, the Milchling is more or less uniformly yellow in color, rarely completely white when young. Towards the middle of the hat they are often a little darker, more ocher yellow to honey-colored. The edge remains curved for a long time and is sticky shaggy hairy. Older specimens are flaky and furrowed radially.
The young cream-colored, later ocher-yellow lamellae are broadly attached to the stem or run down a little, near the stem they are more often wavy or forked. They are of medium width and are rather crowded. The spore powder is pale cream in color.
The cylindrical or more or less bulbous and slightly tapered stalk is 4–6 (13) cm long and 1.5–3.5 cm wide. The surface is smooth and more or less velvety. When young, the stalk is whitish to pale yellow and is frosted along its entire length. Later it is more creamy ocher and increasingly bald. Sometimes the stem can be spotted yellow ocher at the base, but it never shows pitted spots. The inside of the handle will soon be hollow.
The almost soft to medium firm meat is quite thick in the hat. It is whitish to pale yellow and discolored in the cut especially below the cap skin and in the stem sulfur yellow. The meat tastes mostly mild, but oily and becomes slightly bitter or spicy after a while. The smell is more or less fruity and is reminiscent of lemon balm. The initially white and sparingly flowing milk almost immediately turns sulfur yellow. It tastes oily and then bitter to slightly hot.
Microscopic features
The rounded to elliptical spores are on average 8.4–8.9 µm long and 6.5–7.0 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.3. The spore ornament is up to 1 µm high and consists of a few warts and ribs that are almost completely connected in a network. Isolated warts and ridges are rare. The hilly spot is amyloid from the outside to the center .
The club-shaped, 4-spore basidia are 45–60 µm long and 10–13 µm wide. The sparse pleural macrocystids are 30–90 µm long and 5–10 µm wide. They are cylindrical to spiral or spindle to awl-shaped. Some have a mucronate top. The lamellar edges are sterile, on them one finds numerous, more or less cylindrical to clubbed or partially bent paracystids .
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 200–400 µm thick ixocutis , made up of very narrow, shriveled and 1–5 µm wide hyphae that are more or less parallel and irregularly intertwined. In between you can find individual lactifera .
Species delimitation
The most important features of this mushroom are, in addition to the white, sulfur-yellow discoloring milk, the uniformly pale yellow and unzoned hat, the wrinkled, furrowed brim and the white stem, which is not pitted. In addition, there is the location on predominantly base-poor soils in spruce. The similar and also very rare lion yellow milkling ( Lactarius leonis ) also has a yellow, unzoned hat. However, its stalk is conspicuously pitted and it also grows in nutrient-rich, moist locations, usually over lime. Its spores are usually smaller and have a fine, reticulate ornament.
In Northern Europe there are two other similar species: the olive-colored pit milkling ( L. olivinus ) and the gold-headed milkling ( L. auriolla ). The olive-colored pit milkling seems to be particularly closely related to the pale yellow villi-milkling. His also yellowish hat is clearly tinted olive and his macrocystidia are broader and usually more numerous. The Goldhaupt-Milchling is smaller and has smaller spores.
Ecology and diffusion
The Milchling is quite common in the central and northern boreal zones of Fennos Scandinavia. In Western and Central Europe, however, it is very rare. There are reports of a few individual finds from the northern Italian Alps and from Germany (Black Forest). It is also very rare in Switzerland.
The pale yellow villi milkling is like all milklings a mycorrhizal fungus . Within this symbiotic relationship, the spruce is probably the only host. According to Kytövuori, the pale yellow villi milkling is the only species from the Scrobiculati subsection that colonizes soils that are poor in nutrients and bases. It can be found in damp spruce forests, typically in the middle of moss cushions. It is particularly often associated with the two mosses Sphagnum girgensohnii and Hylocomium splendens . The fruiting bodies appear solitary to gregarious between August and September.
Systematics
The Finnish I. Kytovuori described the Milchling in 1984 together with four other Milchlingen from the Scrobiculati subsection . The holotype of the species was collected by the author in northern Finnish Lapland near Rovaniemi .
It bears its species attribute ( epithet ) in honor of the Finnish botanist, entomologist and linguist Risto Kalevi Tuomikoski .
Inquiry systematics
Maria Basso and Heilmann-Clausen place the Milchling in the Scrobiculati subsection , which is below the Piperites section at Basso . Heilmann-Clausen, on the other hand, assigns them to the Zonarii section . The representatives of the subsection usually have a greasy hat, the edge of which is more or less hairy. The hot and initially white milk turns yellow after a while. M. Bon places the Milchling in the Tricholomoidei section . The representatives are similar to those of the Zonarii section , but have a woolly, felty brim.
meaning
The Milchling is considered inedible, at least in Central Europe.
swell
- Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 (English).
- ↑ a b c d e Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 114.
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed November 4, 2012 .
- ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Lactarius tuomikoskii. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 2, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 271-73 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved November 4, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b c Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . Fungi Europa egg. Vol. 7, 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 412, 450-54 (Italian).
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 23-28 .
Web links
- Lactarius tuomikoskii. In: Russulales News. Photos and original Latin description (English) ( Memento from April 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- Lactarius tuomikoskii. In: Funghi in Italia. Retrieved November 2, 2012 (Italian, good photos).