Löwengelber Milchling
| Löwengelber Milchling | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lactarius leonis | ||||||||||||
| Kytov. |
The lion's yellow milkling ( Lactarius leonis ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the deaf relatives . It is a medium-sized to large milkling that initially has white milk that turns yellow when exposed to air. The unzoned hat is yellowish and has a paler rim zone. The handle is speckled. The inedible, hot mushroom is a spruce companion that is closely related to the Grubige Milchling.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 5–11 (15) cm wide, arched when young, soon spread flat and depressed in the middle, sometimes also deepened in a funnel-shaped manner with age. The surface is initially finely hairy, later smooth, dry somewhat sticky and moist slimy. The usually completely unzoned hat is pale lemon-yellow to pale ocher-yellow in color and has isolated, small, yellow-brownish spots. The edge of the hat remains rolled up for a long time, is yellowish-white to straw-yellow in color and slightly hairy and tomentose.
The medium- wide and fairly close-fitting lamellae are broadly attached to the stem or run down slightly; near the stem they are often forked. They are whitish when young and later creamy yellow, the spore powder is also creamy in color.
The cylindrical to slightly club-like stem is 4–8 cm long and 1.5–3.5 cm wide, and is often narrowed towards the base of the stem. The dry surface is whitish when young and later pale yellow and usually has clear olive-ocher-colored dimples or spots. The stem is full when young, but soon becomes hollow inside.
The young, whitish, fairly firm meat smells pleasantly fruity and is a little reminiscent of lemon balm . It tastes quite mild and becomes bitter after a while. Like the initially white and hot milk, it quickly turns sulfur yellow when cut.
Microscopic features
The broadly elliptical spores are on average 7.8–8.0 µm long and 6.3–6.5 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.3. The ornament is up to 0.5 µm high and consists of individual warts as well as thin ribs, most of which are connected like a network and often form an almost complete network. The hillock is inamyloid .
The cylindrical to clubbed, mostly 4-spore basidia are 30–55 µm long and 8.5–11 µm wide. Macrocystids are rare or absent, and are most likely to be found between the lamellae. They are spindle-shaped to lanceolate and 65–120 µm long and 6–12 µm wide. The lamellar edges are mostly sterile. Instead, irregularly cylindrical to club-shaped paracystids are found that are 13–40 µm long and 5–9 µm wide.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 100–150 µm thick ixocutis and consists of mostly parallel, 2–6 µm wide hyphae with individual lactifera in between .
Species delimitation
The lion's yellow milkling has a stalk that is speckled with pits over the entire length of the stem. Otherwise, only the Grubige Milchling ( Lactarius scrobiculatus ), which also has a dimple-spotted stem, is very similar . His hat is much more yellow, fleshy and more or less zoned. Microscopically, it differs through the significantly smaller macrocystids and the spores with hardly any net ornamentation and hardly any closed meshes.
Ecology and diffusion
The Milchling is predominantly found in Northern Europe, and it is particularly common in eastern Fennoscandinavia . But it was also found in Estonia and western Russia, as well as on the southern side of the Alps, in Tyrol and in the Italian Alps. The Milchling is very rare in the rest of Western and Central Europe.
The Löwengelbe Milchling is a mycorrhizal fungus of the spruce. It is found in damp places on lime-rich soils. The fruiting bodies appear solitary to gregarious from July to mid-September.
Systematics
The species was described by Ilkka Kytòvuori in 1984, together with four other, predominantly northern European species from the Scrobiculati subsection . The holotype was collected in Sweden in Ångermanland .
Inquiry systematics
Maria Basso and Heilmann-Clausen place the milkling in the Scrobiculati subsection , which in Basso is below the Piperites section , but Heilmann-Clausen assigns it to the Zonarii section . The representatives of the subsection usually have a greasy hat, the edge of which is more or less hairy. The hot and initially white milk turns yellow after a while. Marcel Bon places the Milchling in the Tricholomoidei section . The representatives are similar to those of the Zonarii section, but have a woolly, felty brim.
meaning
The Milchling is inedible.
swell
- Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 108-109 (English).
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Lactarius leonis. Kytov., Karstenia 24 (2): 46 (1984). In: SpeciesFungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved November 1, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c d Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 108-109 .
- ↑ a b c Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 74.
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius leonis. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 1, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 271-73 .
- ↑ Mushroom Distribution Atlas - Germany. In: Pilzkartierung 2000 Online / brd.pilzkartierung.de. Retrieved November 4, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved November 4, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . Fungi Europa egg. Vol. 7, 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 412, 431-35 (Italian).
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 23-28 .
Web links
- Lactarius leonis. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved November 1, 2012 (English, photos and original Latin description).
- Lactarius leonis. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on November 2, 2012 (Italian, good photos of the Löwengelben Milchling).