Blue admiral
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Blue admiral ( Kaniska canace ) |
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| ( Linnaeus , 1763) |
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The blue admiral ( Kaniska canace , syn .: Nymphalis canace , Vanessa canace ) is a butterfly found in Asia ( butterfly ) from the family of the noble butterfly (Nymphalidae) in the subfamily of the spotted butterfly (Nymphalinae). It is the only species of the monotypic genus Kaniska .
features
butterfly
The wingspan of the moth is 55 to 70 millimeters. There is no sexual dimorphism between the sexes , as males and females have the same drawing elements. All wings are very strongly serrated and show a black-brown basic color on the upper side. Typical of the species is a slightly shiny blue band that runs through the post-disk region from the front edge of the upper side of the forewing to the inner edge of the upper side of the rear wing. The undersides of the wings show a black-brown to red-brown marbling with a small white discal spot .
Caterpillar
Adult caterpillars have small black spots and thin transverse lines on a reddish brown base color. The entire surface of the body is covered with branched white thorns.
Doll
The doll is reddish-brown in various colors with gold and silver spots on the front, the head elongated with two points.
Distribution, subspecies and habitat
The species occurs from Sri Lanka and the west of India via Thailand , Malaysia , Nepal , Myanmar , Indonesia , Vietnam and the south of China to Japan , Korea and the area around the Ussuri . The Blue Admiral primarily inhabits light deciduous forests. The occurrence in Nepal ranges at altitudes up to 2000 meters, in Kumaun up to 2400 meters (8000 feet) and in Nilgiris up to 2100 meters (7000 feet).
Way of life
The moths fly in two generations. The specimens of one generation can be found in late summer, overwinter and can be found again until April after overwintering. The moths of the following generation only fly in the summer months. They like to suckle juice from wounded holly ( ilex ) and overripe fruit to absorb fluids and minerals. The males are very faithful to their location and often keep their seat all day. They defend their territory against any intruder, even if they can barely fly. Kaniska canace flies nimbly along paths or streams and often sunbathes on rocks or on the ground with open wings. If the moth is disturbed, it flies to a tree and closes its wings, the underside of the wing is a perfect camouflage on bark.
The eggs are usually laid individually on the underside of the food plant. The caterpillars prefer to feed on the leaves of the sturgeon family (Smilacaceae), for example the Chinese stingray ( Smilax china ). They go through five stages of development and pupate after an average of 23 days. The falling doll is attached to branches, trunks or leaves with a web anchor.
Systematics
Kaniska canace was first described as Papilio canace by Carl von Linné in 1763. The type location is China. The genus Kaniska was established by Frederic Moore in 1899 in the fourth volume of Lepidoptera Indica with the species K. canace and K. haronica , today a subspecies. He notes that the wing shape corresponds to the butterflies of the genus Polygonia . Later, including in Volume 9 of Adalbert Seitz ' Die Exotischen Großschmetterlinge, The Indo-Australian Butterflies from 1927, the species is assigned to the genus Vanessa , which then comprised completely different species than today. Today canace is assigned to either the monotypic genus Kaniska , the genus Polygonia or Nymphalis .
Subspecies
13 subspecies are currently classified in the various occurrence areas . Unsafe occurrences are marked with a question mark.
- K. c. battakana ( de Nicéville , 1896) ( Sumatra )
- K. c. benguetana ( Semper , 1888) ( Luzon )
- K. c. canace ( Linnaeus , 1763) ( Sikkim , southern India, Burma , southern China, Hong Kong )
- K. c. charonia ( Drury , 1770)
- K. c. charonides ( Stichel , [1908]) ( Ussuri )
- K. c. drilon ( Fruhstorfer , 1912) ( Taiwan )
- K. c. haronica ( Moore , 1879) ( Sri Lanka )
- K. c. ishima ( Fruhstorfer , 1899) (Japan)
- K. c. javanica ( Fruhstorfer , 1912) ( Java ,? Bali ,? Lombok )
- K. c. maniliana ( Fruhstorfer , 1912) ( Borneo ,? Palau )
- K. c. muscosa ( Tsukada & Nishiyama , 1979) ( Sulawesi )
- K. c. nojaponicum ( von Siebold , 1824) (Japan)
- K. c. perakana ( Distant , 1886) (? Thailand , Malaysia )
K. c. canace above, K. c. haronica below
K. c. javanica
K. c. perakana
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Nymphalini. (No longer available online.) In: Nymphalidae.net. Niklas Wahlberg, January 14, 2018, archived from the original on January 30, 2018 ; accessed on January 29, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b Sergei Kotov: Nymphalis canace Linnaeus, 1763. In: Insecta.pro - Insects (Insecta) of the World. Peter Khramov, January 26, 2014, accessed January 29, 2018 .
- ↑ stages of development
- ↑ a b c d Federic Moore: Rhopalocera - Family Nymphalidae . Sub-Family Nymphalinae (continued), Groups Limenitina, Nymphalina, and Argynnia. In: Lepidoptera Indica . tape IV . Lovell Reeve & Co., London 1899, p. 92 f . ( archive.org ).
- ↑ B. Khanal, MK Chalise, GS Solanki: Diversity of butterflies with respect to altitudinal rise at various pockets of the Langtang National Park, central Nepal. In: International Multidisciplinary Research Journal. No. 2, 2012, pp. 41-48.
- ↑ Torben B. Larsen: The Butterflies Of The Nilgiri Mountains Of Southern India Lepidoptera Rhopalocera . In: Journal of The Bombay Natural History Society . 1987, p. 571 ( archive.org ).
- ^ A b David G. James: The Book of Caterpillars. Ivy Press, London 2017, ISBN 978-0-226-28736-2 .
- ↑ Markku Savela: Nymphalis Kluk, 1780. In: Lepidoptera and some other lifeforms. February 12, 2017, accessed January 29, 2018 .
Web links
- nature photos - photos
- ifoundbutterflies.org - Butterflies of India
