Bleiberger Erzberg
| Bleiberger Erzberg | ||
|---|---|---|
 The Erzberg around 1830 |
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| height | 1466 m above sea level A. | |
| location | Carinthia , Austria | |
| Mountains | Gailtal Alps | |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 37 '51 " N , 13 ° 39' 16" E | |
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| rock | Ore-containing rocks (including lead , zinc ) | |
The Erzberg in Bad Bleiberg is a mountain near the Carinthian town of Villach . It is located northwest of the Dobratsch and on the sunny side of the Bleiberger high valley and extends over a length of about 10 kilometers from Bleiberg-Kreuth and the Kobesnock in the west to Kadutschen and the Spitzeck in the east.
At least since the 14th century , lead and zinc have been mined on the Bleiberger Erzberg .
Mining on the Bleiberger Erzberg was last operated by the Bleiberger Bergwerks Union (BBU).
geology
The Bleiberger Erzberg belongs to the Gailtal Alps .
history
The deposit is located in the eastern foothills of the Gailtal Alps in Carinthia. The main elements of the deposit are zinc and lead, which build up the ore bodies as zinc blende and galena. The first documented mention of Bleiberg as a mining area for lead ore dates back to 1333. However, the Bleiberger mining was initially only of minor importance. The mining was "transferred", ie the owners did not work the pits on their own, but left them to various noblemen and citizens as pledges. The Bamberg bishop as the owner only obtained the "Fron", which in the middle of the 15th century was 20 quintals. The fron was the tenth part of the ore mined. It was collected by the mountain judge and the castle office administered or lent it. The oldest mining regulation for Bleiberg was given from 1487 to 1495 and regulated the mining of ores, their extraction and sorting, the remuneration and working hours of the miners, etc. In the heyday 500 to 600 miners were employed in this mine.
The pure Bleiberger lead was sought after to increase the yield in silver mines located elsewhere. The share of the Fuggers in the Bleiberger mining, which dates back to the 15th century, was known for a long time. In 1665 the Fuggers sold all of their shares in Bleiberger mining. Around 1670 the lead dealer Mittermayer appears in possession of a trade monopoly for this coal and steel product.
stollen
The ores were mined in tunnels, mostly by hand as scraping tunnels, later with hammer drills, blasting and machines. There were about 1200 tunnels and shafts with an approximate total length of about 1300 km. The numerous tunnels and shafts belong to the following pits (from west to east): Grube Max, Grube Antoni, Grube Rudolf, Grube Stefanie and Grube Franz-Josef
Many tunnel mouth holes and the rubble heaps below can still be seen today.
Names of individual tunnels (with indication of the altitude difference):
- Antoni tunnel (950) and Antoni shaft
- Barbara Stollen
- Bohemian stollen
- Franz Josef Stollen (980)
- Franzisci tunnel (950)
- Friedrich Stollen (900)
- Georgi studs
- Jakobi stollen
- Leopold Erbstollen
- Mary Conception Stollen
- Maria-Hilf-Stollen
- Maria-Himmelfahrt-Stollen and Rudolf-Schacht (930)
- Markus-Stollen (1020), length 460 m, beaten by hand with a mallet and iron
- Matthew Stollen
- Max studs
- Parzach tunnel
- Regina tunnel
- Stefanie Stollen (920)
- Thomas tunnel (910)
Tunnel hiking trail
The Stollenwanderweg was established by the Miners' Cultural Association and is a circular route of around 5 km. It leads along the Bleiberger Erzberg, past old narrow Schräm tunnels or large cross-sections from the 20th century. Along the way, you can find out more about various topics such as minerals, the history of mining, thermal water and climatic tunnels. A small museum was set up in the Ramser Powder Tower, which shows the history of blasting technology and the development in the valley. A historical miner's dwelling, the Kladnig-Keusche, can also be visited. The hike of 2 to 3 hours provides a diverse insight into the mining tradition in the Bleiberger high valley.
literature
- Hermann Wießner, "History of Carinthian Mining", Part I, History of Carinthian Precious Metal Mining, Archive for Patriotic History and Topography, Klagenfurt 1950
- Gerhard Niedermayr: The minerals and mining of lead mountain / Austria . Ed. Doris Bode Verlag, 1985 - 48 pages
- Thomas Zeloth: Between State and Market: History of the Bleiberger Bergwerk Union and its predecessor companies . Publishing house of the Kärntner Landesarchiv, 2004 - 746 pages
- "Grubenhunt & Ofensau", From the wealth of the earth, State exhibition Hüttenberg / Carinthia, contribution volume to the Carinthian State Exhibition, 1995
Web links
- Mining Association Bad Bleiberg
- Hermann Wießner, "History of Carinthian Mining", Part I, History of Carinthian Precious Metal Mining, Archive for Patriotic History and Topography, Klagenfurt 1950
- Gerhard Niedermayr: The minerals and mining of lead mountain / Austria . Ed. Doris Bode Verlag, 1985 - 48 pages
- Thomas Zeloth: Between State and Market: History of the Bleiberger Bergwerk Union and its predecessor companies . Publishing house of the Kärntner Landesarchiv, 2004 - 746 pages
- "Grubenhunt & Ofensau", From the wealth of the earth, State exhibition Hüttenberg / Carinthia, contribution volume to the Carinthian State Exhibition, 1995