rubble
Rubble is a large, unconsolidated accumulation of angular rock fragments. Rubble is created by physical weathering and erosion , whereby the transport often takes place purely by gravity, but always over very short distances. According to DIN 4022, a single rubble fragment is larger than 63 mm, generally at least larger than 2 mm rubble is therefore one of the psephites . If the rock fragments are relatively large (dm to m range), one also speaks of block rubble .
Such rock material mainly accumulates in high mountains , at the foot of steep slopes or rock faces , to form rubble heaps ( talus ) or block heaps . Since the periglacial climate, as it prevails in the high mountains, promotes physical weathering, there are extensive block heaps in large parts of the low mountain ranges of the northern hemisphere, which are also known as "block seas" in the German-speaking area. If the material petrifies , a breccia is created (in contrast to the round stone conglomerate ).
Loose material, which mainly consists of rounded rock fragments ( rubble ), is called gravel , whereby "gravel" in construction stands for angular, but artificially broken material.
In a broader sense, the rubble of destroyed buildings or parts of buildings is also referred to as rubble. In modern construction, one speaks of rubble . Individual layers of rubble in the subsoil mark long-lived human settlements (see also rubble pits ).
Web links
- Geology (accessed October 10, 2019)
- Rubbish dumps Alps Arctic (accessed October 10, 2019)
- Classification of rubble heaps (accessed October 10, 2019)
- The Leitbodenformen of Thuringia (accessed on October 10, 2019)