Boesenbergia
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Blossom of Boesenbergia tiliifolia |
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| Boesenbergia | ||||||||||||
| Kuntze |
Boesenbergia sometimes, finger seasoning called, is a plant genus from the subfamily of Zingiberoideae in the family of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). With about 85 species , it is one of the species-rich genera in the ginger family. Few species are used by humans as aromatic and medicinal plants.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Boesenbergia species are relatively small, perennial herbaceous plants for this family . They form fleshy, short tuberous or long rhizomes as persistence organs. The leaves are basal together and distributed on the stem. The petioles are long. The leaf scales (ligules) are bilobed. The leaf blades are ovate, oblong or lanceolate.
Generative characteristics
Directly from the rhizome, a terminal inflorescence develops on a short to very long inflorescence stem covered with scale-shaped leaf sheaths or on the pseudostem , in which the flowers stand together. The bracts are arranged in two rows (this is where Boesenbergia differs from Curcumorpha in which they are spiraling) and in the upper one there is a boat-shaped bract above each of which is a flower. The top flower is the earliest to open.
The hermaphrodite, zygomorphic , white, yellow or red flowers are threefold with double perianth . The three sepals are fused Roehrig. The three petals are fused and protrude beyond the sepals, but are shorter than the bracts, with the corolla lobes being somewhat unequal. Only the middle stamen of the inner circle is fertile ; it has an upright stamen that is fused with the base of the labellum. The appendages of the anthers are simple, two- or three-lobed. All other stamens are reduced to staminodes . The two lateral staminodes of the outer circle are corolla-like and usually wider than the corolla lobes. The two lateral staminodes of the inner circle have grown together to form a so-called labellum ; it represents the most conspicuous part of the flower. The mostly obovate and mostly concave labellum is larger than the corolla lobes with a single or two-part tip. Three fruit leaves are to a greater or lesser dreikammerigen ovary grown.
The fleshy capsule fruits are elongated to almost spherical. The black seeds have a white, torn aril that is often longer than the seeds.
The chromosome sets are 2n = 20, 24, 36.
Occurrence
Their distribution area extends from the southern tropical Himalayas through Southeast Asia . Most species are found in the monsoon area of Indochina and Borneo . There are 19 species in Thailand .
Systematics
The genus Boesenbergia belongs to the tribe Zingibereae in the subfamily of the Zingiberoideae within the family of the Zingiberaceae .
In 1829 Nathaniel Wallich published the genus name Gastrochilus in Plantae Asiaticae Rariores 1, p. 22. But it turned out that Gastrochilus D.Don had previously been awarded for an orchid genus. This presented Otto Kuntze in Revisio Generum Plantarum , 2, 1891, 685 clear and preserved this name for the orchid genus. For the Zingiberaceae species, he presented a new genus Boesenbergia in the same publication with the species Boesenbergia longiflora , Boesenbergia minor , Boesenbergia parvula , Boesenbergia pulcherrima , Boesenbergia rubrolutea , Boesenbergia tiliifolia and Boesenbergia tillandsiodes . He writes about the generic name Boesenbergia [...] which I now want to dedicate to my dear sister Clara and her husband Walter Boesenberg.
The genus Boesenbergia includes around 60 to 85 species:
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literature
- Delin Wu & Kai Larsen: Zingiberaceae in the Flora of China , Volume 24, p. 367: Boesenbergia - Online. (Section description)
- Kai Larsen: Further studies in the genus Boesenbergia (Zingiberaceae) , In: Nordic Journal of Botany , Volume 17, Issue 4, 2008, pp. 361-366.
- Jiranan Techaprasana, Sirawut Klinbungaa & Thaya Jenjittikul: Genetic relationships and species authentication of Boesenbergia (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand based on AFLP and SSCP analyzes , In: Biochemical Systematics and Ecology , Volume 36, Issues 5-6, 2008, pp. 408-416 .
- The genus Boesenbergia in the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) of the Smithsonian Institution . (Section Description and Distribution.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jiranan Techaprasan, Chatchai Ngamriabsakul, Sirawut Klinbunga, Sudsanguan Chusacultanachai1 & Thaya Jenjittikul: Genetic Variation and Species Identification of Thai Boesenbergia (Zingiberaceae) Analyzed by Chloroplast DNA Polymorphism , In: Journal of Biochemistry and Vol. 39, Biology , 4, 2006, pp. 361–370: PDF-Online ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze: Revisio Generum Plantarum , 2 1891, 685 scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Boesenbergia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 6, 2020.
