Aviation personnel
For aviation personnel are persons who actively participated in the manned aviation, commercial or private, involved. Aviation personnel must be differentiated into flight personnel and ground personnel.
Flying personnel include, for example (delimitation in JAR-FCL ):
- Pilot (flight crew)
- Flight attendant (cabin crew)
- Purser (cabin crew)
Ground personnel include, for example:
- technical staff such as B. in the area of aircraft maintenance (e.g. aircraft mechanic )
- Flight dispatcher
The training and licensing of aviation personnel is regulated in the regulation on aviation personnel. In Germany, the Federal Aviation Office is responsible for the aviation personnel, which checks the requirements and skills of the aviation personnel and issues licenses. In addition, there are a large number of training and professional regulations for almost every occupation in the aviation sector.
Flying staff
The aircrew is part of the workforce of an airline and mainly works on board aircraft. It is part of the aviation staff and consists of various professions or functionaries:
- Responsible pilot : official designation in the pilot's license: "Commercial aircraft pilot" or "professional pilot"; Functional designation: "Flight Captain", also "Commander"
- First Officer : legal German designation: "Second pilot", also: "Kopilot", "Copilot", "First Officer"
- Flight engineer (only in some, mostly older types )
- Flight attendant (colloquially also "cabin crew")
- In military aviation , weapons system officer , navigator, flight mechanic, loadmaster, observer, gunner, radio operator, among others
Like the ground staff (if they are in contact with the public), the flying staff usually wear work clothes (uniform).
Airship and space travel
In the case of airships , the term ship crew for the flight personnel is common, positions here include navigators , purser , flight attendants and various military personnel.
In space travel , the term ship crew refers to the personnel on board a manned spaceship . In the space shuttle , the ship's crew consists of a commander , a pilot and several mission specialists specially trained for the flight , while in the Russian Soyuz spaceships they usually consist of a commander and a flight engineer . On a space station , the staff is called the permanent crew . Since the Soyuz TM-3 mission in July 1987, it has been customary for the regular crew to receive visits from guests or guest teams who dock with a spaceship at the station. In addition, there has been so-called space tourism since Toyohiro Akiyama's space flight in December 1990 . In contrast to the guests , the tourists are not part of the staff and they are not assigned any tasks. Because of the high level of training required, a crew is generally selected from a larger group of aspiring astronauts years before the space flight . Depending on the importance of the mission , substitutes will be trained who can replace a space traveler with health problems shortly before take-off.
See also
- List of aviation legislation
- Ordinance on Aviation Personnel (LuftPersV)
- Dead head flight
