Drink brotherhood
The brotherhood drinking (in Austria also: "brotherhood drinking ") of two people describes the ritualized transition from Siezen to Duzen by means of drinking . In the 17th and 18th centuries, the expression auf den Dutz drink ( drink on the Duzen) was also used for this . Behind this is probably the assumption that "drinking together ... can connect and oblige".
In modern custom, both parties drink from a drinking vessel each, with the arms holding the vessel reaching through the crook of the arm of the other and one hooking one another, so to speak. Afterwards, in familiar or family relationships, you kiss each other - in the past mostly on the mouth, now more on the cheek. Then you introduce yourself with your first name ("I am the ...", "My name is ...").
This custom can also be found in the form of a proverbial phrase in literature.
history
The origin of the ritual brotherhood drinking cannot be precisely determined: Röhrich assumes that the expression originally goes back to a form of elective affinity, which is bound by magical rites. Rites such as reciprocal drinking of blood or dipping their hands together in animal blood committed the participants to the same goals and ideals and thus formed a brotherhood.
Rudolf Schultze mentions the custom as early as the late Middle Ages, but without giving any sources. The custom can certainly be proven in the 17th century with the script Jus Potandi or Zechrecht , a legal parodic script published in 1616 by an anonymous German author. The Jus Potandi was the translation of the Disputatio inauguralis theoretico-practica jus potandi by the English poet Richard Brathwaite (1588–1673) from the same year. In chapter 20 of that scripture it says:
“'A special understanding or opinion' (nhd. For example: a special meaning) 'has that cup or glass / so that one chooses the other to be a brother with special and customary words / and entrusts / or however / as one otherwise agrees / with him to brotherhood or to the dozen trincket. Which generally occurs in the following manner. In which one addresses the other and says: If I were not too young or too little '(too insignificant)' for the Lord / I wanted to bring him one thing to good news and brotherhood / To which the other replies: Drink in GOD's name / It should be very nice and pleasant to me: Then he drinks out / and in which he delivers the again poured drinks to his new '(new)' brother / does he use this word / and says: My name is NN I want to do what you love is / and let what you care about. To this the other replies: And I want to do the same in both cases in everything. And after doing this / they are a little silent / and ask for / that such brotherhoods by visiting often / so should happen from one to the other / may be confirmed and carried out / and such a brotherhood / as I reported / is introduced by habit been. "
Brotherhood drinking seems to have arisen from the custom of drinking : the person who wants to offer the other brotherhood speaks to him, drinks to him and fills the drinking cup again. The person addressed drinks from the same cup and the first gives his name. Then they promise each other to do what is "dear to the other" and not to do what is "sorry" to the other.
This formula can also be found in the gasket whimsical and true visions Philanders of custom wood of the Michael Moscherosch from the 17th century, in which a student is described narrow location (Part 1, face 6):
“The most distinguished sat at the table and drank to one another so that they rolled their eyes like stung calves. One brought something to the other, from a bowl, a shoe. One shook hands with the other and asked each other their names and promised to be eternal friends and brothers, with this usual clause attached: 'I do what is dear to you and avoid what is disgusting to you', each tied one to that another's a nestle from his lederhosen to the other's torn doublet. "
In the 18th century, brotherhood drinking was apparently common among student associations . Magister Christian Wilhelm Kindleben (1748–1785) from Halle , for example, reports on the custom of “brotherhood drinking” in a student lexicon from 1781 that he wrote about how to become a dozbrother : “... when the young people enjoy a glass of wine or well Beym Kommersch ( Kommers ) drink beer or schnapps brotherhood in a glass, and then you and Mr. Brother call each other. ... ". This was later to Schmollis drink.
The Brothers Grimm write in their dictionary "it is called brotherhood drink" and cite several works as literary evidence for the use in the form of a proverbial saying: Friedrich von Hagedorn says: "... he drinks with Aegeln brotherhood and asks what you do Silenus machet ”and in Goethe's Egmont (4th act) it says:“ Now go! Go! I'll advise you myself. There I see another lap starting; they don't look like they're going to drink brotherhood with us anytime soon ”. In Friedrich Schiller in the will robbers even the brotherhood indicated with the devil: "So we make our courage and strength / And with the Black Brotherhood / The will cook in hell."
In Meyer's encyclopedia of 1888, under the heading of brotherhood, it says: This is “... initially the agreement of two people to see themselves as brothers, often just to address each other with 'you' ... The custom of drinking brotherhood is probably based on the fact that the enjoyment of the same drink was seen as a symbol of solid union ... "
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Regina and Manfred Hübner: Drink, little brothers, drink. Illustrated cultural and social history of German drinking habits. Leipzig 2004.
- ↑ Lutz Röhrich: Lexicon of the proverbial sayings. Lemma "Brother", Freiburg im Breisgau 1991.
- ↑ Rudolf Schultze: History of wine and drinking bouts. Berlin 1867, p. 166: “If in the 14th and 15th centuries the knightly booze had grown to a significant height and expansion, the true nurseries for it were founded in the universities that were emerging at that time. ... The welcome drink, fraternity making ... gave full opportunity to drink excessively. "
- ↑ Blasius Multibibus: Jus Potandi or Zechrecht. Reprint of the German adaptation of the Jus Potandi by Richard Brathwaite from 1616, afterword by Michael Stolleis, Frankfurt am Main 1982.
- ^ So Wilhelm Bode: Brief history of drinking habits and temperance strivings in Germany , Munich 1896, page 213
- ^ Brotherhood, brotherhood. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 2 : Beer murderer – D - (II). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1860, Sp. 422 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
- ^ Brotherhood . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 3, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 505.