Brown leather blotch

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Brown leather blotch
Russula-integra-2.JPG

Brown leather deafblings ( Russula integra )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Brown leather blotch
Scientific name
Russula integra
( L. ) Fr.

The brown or brown-red leather deafblings ( Russula integra ) is a fungus from the family of the deafblings relatives . The mushroom bears his name because of its brown hat and the buff-colored lamellae when ripe.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat of the leather blubber is 6 to 12, rarely up to 15 centimeters wide, and is usually red-brown or dark brown in color. But it can also have an olive-brown or yellow-brown color. The middle is usually darker in color, but can also fade olive-yellow. The young mushroom is hemispherical with a smooth edge, later it is arched and, with age, finally depressed in the middle and clearly ridged with bumps on the edge. The skin of the hat is greasy, sticky and shiny in damp weather, and smooth and shiny when dry. It can be peeled off from a quarter to a maximum of half from the edge.

The lamellas are thick, 7 to 13 (maximum 15) millimeters wide and bulged on the stem, grown or almost free. They remain whitish cream for a long time before they first turn yellow and finally ocher yellow. The cutting edges are usually lighter in color. The white stalk is firm in the young mushroom. It is 3 to 8 inches long and 1.5 to 2 inches wide. With age, the base tends to get rusty. The stem is never tinged with reddish.

The flesh is white and firm. It tastes mild and pleasantly sweet like a nut or almond. But after prolonged chewing it can taste like paper (especially with older mushrooms). The smell is either slightly fruity or iodo-like , but it is usually barely noticeable. The spore powder is cream to ocher in color.

Microscopic features

The round to elliptical spores are 8.0–11 µm long and 7–9.5 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.3. The spores are covered with numerous, strong, isolated, 1.5 (-2) µm high, thorny warts. Sometimes the warts can be doubled, that is, two warts are fused together.

The four-pore, club-shaped basidia are 45–75 µm long and 11-14 µm wide. The lamellar edges are covered with not very numerous, more or less spindle-shaped, 38–60 µm long and 6–13 µm wide cheilocystidia . The spindle-shaped pleurocystids , however, are numerous and 55–110 µm long and 8–13 (–16) µm wide. Its tip is blunt or appended . All cystides can be stained with sulfobenzaldehyde, even if only weakly.

The hat skin consists of pointed and often fringed hairs that are 3–5 µm wide at their base and barely 1 µm wide at their ends. They are often set with crystals in the middle, less often over their entire length. Between the hyphae cells there are very variable, cylindrical to club-shaped pileocystids that are 4–7 (–10) µm wide and are clearly blackened with sulfobenzaldehyde.

Species delimitation

The brown leather blubber has a very similar doppelganger, the cedar blubber ( Russula badia ). He has a dull hat and often a red stalk. If you rub the slats, it smells more or less clearly of cedar wood. It tastes mild at first, but after you have chewed on it for a while, it tastes extremely hot, which is why it is also known as the "Insidious Täubling. In case of doubt, only a careful taste test helps, it is advisable to try only small pieces!

The brown- capped and edible weasel-colored deafbling ( Russula mustelina ) has creamy white lamellae and whitish spore dust and can thus be easily distinguished.

Otherwise you can confuse the brown leather blubber with the other leather bluff. The White-Stalked Leather-Täubling ( Russula romellii ) is particularly similar . His hat is colored lavender or wine-reddish, its lamellae are bright yellow to orange and splinter easily. In contrast to the brown leather-deaf, it grows, like the other leather-deaf, mainly in the deciduous forest, mostly under red beech.

ecology

You can find the Brown Leather Täubling from July to October mainly in the mountain coniferous forest, often sociable under spruce and pine trees. The fungus prefers lime-rich, fresh to moist soils.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the brown leather blubber.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The brown leather dew is a Holarctic species with a meridional to (sub) arctic distribution area. It is found in North Asia (Caucasus, Siberia, Russia-Far East, China, Korea and Japan) in North America, North Africa (Morocco, Algeria) and Europe. In Europe, the deaf lingon is widespread from Spain in the southwest to Romania in the southeast and across Fennoscandinavia and Spitsbergen in the north. In the west the distribution area extends from France over the Benelux countries and Great Britain to the Hebrides. The eastern border is in Belarus.

    In Germany the Täubling is quite rare in the northwest and becomes more common in the south with increasing sea level. The species is moderately widespread south of the 51st parallel, but regionally almost common in locations over 600 m.

    Systematics

    The brown leather blubber was first described by Carl von Linné in 1753 as Agaricus integer , before Elias Magnus Fries placed it in the genus Lactarius in 1838 , so that it got its current name.

    Inquiry systematics

    The brown leather blotch is the type species of the subsection Integrinae , which is a subsection of the section Russulinae . The representatives of the subsection are mostly large or medium-sized species with a pure white stem and yellow to ocher-yellow spore powder. The taste is completely mild. The Latin epithet integra means whole , and indicates the unrubbed edge of the hat in younger fruiting bodies.

    A distinction is made between several varieties that differ in size or hat color from the normal form.

    meaning

    The brown leather dew is a valuable, tasty edible mushroom with a mild, almond-like taste.

    swell

    • H. Romagnesi: Russula integra. Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). In: mycobank.org The Fungal website. Retrieved August 25, 2011 (French).

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ Russula integra. In: Species Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved August 19, 2011 .
    2. ↑ Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 182 .
    3. ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 66 .
    4. ^ Russula integra. (PDF; 1.4 MB) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (No longer available online.) In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 79 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved on April 29, 2012 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
    5. ↑ Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 188.
    6. ^ A b Hermann Jahn: Mushrooms all around: Brown leather Täubling. (PDF; 6.1 MB) In: pilzbriefe.de. Westfälische Pilzbriefe, p. 189 , accessed on June 24, 2011 .
    7. ↑ a b Russula integrain of the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
    8. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; 578 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
    9. ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 293 ( cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed August 31, 2011]).
    10. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula integra. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on February 23, 2015 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    11. ^ Petkovski S .: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009.
    12. ↑ Gordana Kasom & Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN  0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF; accessed June 7, 2012]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / versita.metapress.com
    13. ↑ Grid map of Russula integra. In: NBN Atlas / nbnatlas.org. Retrieved September 18, 2012 .
    14. ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 489.
    15. ↑ Caroli Linnaei : Species Plantarum . exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Vol. 2. Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753 (Latin, biodiversitylibrary.org ).
    16. ^ Elias Magnus Fries: Epicrisis systematis mycologici . seu synopsis hymenomycetum. Typographia Academica, Upsala 1838, p. 360 (Latin, limited preview in Google Book Search).
    17. ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-7643-2390-6 , p. 307.

    Web links

    Commons : Brauner Leder-Täubling ( Russula integra )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files