Breitenbach (Fischach)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Breitenbach
main line upper course: Stielbach
Data
Water code DE : 23866472
location Swabian-Franconian forest mountains

Baden-Württemberg

River system Rhine
Drain over Fischach  → Bühler  → Kocher  → Neckar  → Rhine  → North Sea
origin Start of the name run:
in Engelhofen on the main road
49 ° 1 ′ 29 ″  N , 9 ° 50 ′ 49 ″  E
Source of the Stielbach :
2 km southwest of Obersontheim- Engelhofen on the Stielberg next to the Kohlenstraße
49 ° 0 ′ 52 ″  N , 9 ° 49 ′ 23 ″  E
Source height approx.  498  m above sea level NHN 
top source of the Stielbach
405  m above sea level NHN
start of the naming run in Engelhofen
muzzle east of three Aussiedlerhöfe on the K 2627 between Mittel- and Unterfischach from the right and southwest into the lower Fischach Coordinates: 49 ° 1 '59 "  N , 9 ° 52' 23"  E 49 ° 1 '59 "  N , 9 ° 52' 23 ″  O
Mouth height approx.  385  m above sea level NHN
Height difference approx. 113 m
Bottom slope approx. 25 ‰
length 4.6 km  with the upper reaches of Stielbach
2.5 km name run
Catchment area approx. 5 km²

The Breitenbach is a four and a half kilometer long creek in the district of Obersontheim in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in northeastern Baden-Württemberg , which flows from the right and southwest between the valley towns of Mittel- and Unterfischach into the lower Fischach . Its upper course is the Stielbach .

geography

Stielbach

The Stielbach arises on the eastern edge of the Limpurger Mountains from a few smaller watercourses that arise a little to the east and north of the coal road on the wooded plateau, into which they tear their clay blades running east to north . The main run begins in Gewann Stielberg at about 498  m above sea level. NHN just a stone's throw east of this forest road, in the middle of its section between the edge of the forest to the Winzenweiler clearing island in the north and the forest hut Bernishütte. This branch runs 800 meters eastward and digs up to 442.2  m above sea level. NHN , after which from the right it has taken up all the other headwaters tapering in the clump and now turns approximately in the direction of the inflow of the last and largest other source branch to the northeast.

Two to three hundred meters further, the stream leaves at about 435  m above sea level. NHN the forest and is now accompanied by trees and straightened next to a dirt road through a fairly wide meadow under forest slopes on both sides. Less than 600 meters later it runs to about 417  m above sea level. NHN from the left the approx. 1.0 km long brook from the Hühnerklinge , which originates at the upper Kalkberg ( 477.9  m ). Here the accompanying tree gallery is getting thinner. About 400 meters further down, the Kalkberg spur, which has accompanied it to the left, runs out flat and the wide and open Engelhofen plain extends a little above the wide hollow of the creek to the left . A little further on, it reaches the Obersontheimer Weiler Engelhofen, which gives it its name, and after crossing under the through road it is called Breitenbach .

Breitenbach

The lower course called Breitenbach begins at about 405  m above sea level. NHN and moves steadily northeast to the end east-northeast. Already after about 150 meters the left Klingenbach flows into it in the contour of the hamlet, which rises in the west in a valley of the Limpurger Berge opposite the slope of the L 1066 Winzenweiler – Mittelfischach near the Rothof; With a length of 1.4 km, this inflow, which lasted through Engelhofen, is the largest in the Breitenbach. Opposite its mouth, the forest is now also exposed on the right flat edge hill. In the further course the Breitenbach reaches in a continuously wider hollow from the left a very short tributary from a hollow that begins far above the normal flow on the L 1066 and a little later from the left an unsteady course of about about that is guided in a dirt road today 1.0 km in length from the west. Only two or three rivulets flow between the two from the higher right slope.

Even at the last-mentioned tributary, there is no longer any path accompanying the stream running in a straight ditch, which then crosses Fischachtalstraße K 2627 between Mittel- and Unterfischach between two Aussiedlerhöfe on the flat edge hills at the transition to the Fischachaue and finally after another 300 meters across the floodplain right and west-southwest at about 385  m above sea level. NHN flows into the lower Fischach .

Catchment area

The Breitenbach drains an approximately 5.0 km² catchment area in the natural area of the Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains , which lies with its upper parts and only the upper reaches of the creek in the eastern edge of the Limpurger Berge lower area, with the lower in the lower area of Fischachbucht and edge heights . The catchment area extends about 4.5 km from near the Bernishütte on the Kohlenstraße in the southwest, near which the 509  m above sea level. NHN is the highest point on the flat plateau, up to the mouth in the northeast. Across it, it is up to 2.0 km wide. On the left-hand side in the northwest on the plateau and behind its Wolfsberg -sporn the catchment area of ​​the Amsbach is bordered, closer to the confluence then that of its receiving water Bühlbach , which also flows into the Fischach a good kilometer up the Breitenbach . On the right, southeast side, the hamlet of Bach , which flows into the Fischach near Unterfischach , competes and runs through the neighboring valley on the other side of the Raitelsberg -sporn in a similar direction . The highest watershed section on the plateau lies above the sources of the Breitenbach-Oberlaufs Stielbach at over 495  m above sea level. NHN , beyond this flows on the southwest side of the Eisbach to Kocher and on the west side of the left Eisbach-Oberlauf Rotklingenbach .

Almost 40% of the area in the southwest and west on the plateau and on the eastern slopes and spurs of Raitelsberg , Stielberg , Kalkberg and Wolfsberg are forested.

The only settlement areas are the hamlet Engelhofen on the middle course and three Aussiedlerhöfe on both sides of the lower course on the Fischachtalstraße. With the exception of a narrow and uninhabited western edge on the plateau of the Limpurger Mountains, which belongs to Gaildorf , the entire catchment area lies on the Mittelfischach part of the municipality Obersontheim .

Tributaries and lakes

List of tributaries from the main source of the Stielbach to the mouth of the Breitenbach . Water length and catchment area and height according to the corresponding layers on the LUBW online map. Other sources for the information are noted.

Origin of the Stielbach at about 498  m above sea level. NHN on the flat plateau of the Limpurger mountains above the stalk mountain -hang, about 2 km southwest of Obersontheim- Engelhofen and 1.1 km east-southeast of Gaildorf - Winzenheim hamlet , a few steps east of the coal road . This is where the most westerly source branch of the Stielbach stream, which comes together from a cluster of source streams, rises.

  • (Largest eastern source branch), from the right and south-southeast to 442.2  m above sea level. NHN about 200 meters from the corridor boundary, 0.5 km and about 0.3 km². Arises at about 490  m above sea level. NHN on the northeast slope of the Bernis forest . The main branch is 0.8 km long at the confluence and already has a catchment area of ​​approx. 0.4 km². The Stielbach, which is finally united here, continues to flow northeast.
  • Bach from the chicken blade , from the left and west on 417.3  m above sea level. NHN in the Reute corridor , 1.0 km and approx. 0.4 km². Arises at about 475  m above sea level. NHN in a blade on the Kalkberg .
From the main road that is crossed under in Engelhofen, about 2.4 km below its highest and most distant source, the stream is then called the Breitenbach , with its largest tributary only 200 meters down.
  • Klingenbach , from the left and west to about 403  m above sea level. NHN on the eastern edge of Engelhofen, 1.4 km and approx. 0.8 km². Rises from a tiny pond under the Obersontheimer Rothof on the valley path of the Winzenweiler – Mittelfischach state road ( L 1066 ) at around 442  m above sea level. NHN about 150 meters southeast and flows through the hamlet after a piped route.
  • (Inconsistent inflow), from the left and northwest to about 403  m above sea level. NHN on the eastern edge of Engelhofen, approx. 0.3 km and approx. 0.3 km². The associated valley begins on the L 1066.
  • (Inconsistent dirt road ditch), from the left and west to about 390  m above sea level. NHN between Engelhofen and an Aussiedlerhof group on the edge of the Fischach valley, approx. 1.0 km and approx. 0.4 km². Starts at about 425  m above sea level. NHN on the public driveway leading north from Engelhofen to the L 1066 and runs in a natural hollow.

Mouth of the Breitenbach from the right and west to almost 385  m above sea level. NHN about 1.3 km southeast of the center of Mittelfischach in the east of two Aussiedlerhöfe on both sides of the lower valley basin in the lower Fischach . The stream is 4.6 km long and has a catchment area of ​​around 5.0 km².

geology

The course of the Breitenbach and its upper and lower reaches lies entirely in the Keuper , the highest layer of which is the Stubensandstein ( Löwenstein Formation ) in the small southern tip of the catchment area . The highest source of the Stielbach rises in the Upper Bunter Mergeln ( Mainhardt Formation ). Below the Quellbachklingen in the Upper Mittelkeuper, which cut through the Kieselsandstein ( Hassberge Formation ) and Untere Bunte Marl ( Steigerwald Formation ), the combined stream of the Stielbach soon runs through the reed sandstone ( Stuttgart Formation ) and then enters the Gipskeuper ( Grabfeld Formation ) one, first in its moderately flat layers of estheria, in which the brook from the chicken blade still flows. The following very flat course of Stielbach and then Breitenbach remains up to the mouth in Gipskeuper.

Spring sintering can be seen in at least one of the source streams. The brook already runs in a noticeable flood sediment strip before Engelhofen, which expands significantly below the village. On the right slope, the geological map shows in the area of ​​the mentioned rivulets fan-shaped embankments up to the edge of the floodplain.

For the flat plain of medium height to the right above the Breitenbach , the corbula layer of the gypsum keuper is step-forming, a thin dolomitized limestone layer, which was previously named after the place Engelhofer Platte . It also takes up a lot of space above the left slope, but is divided here by the inflow troughs sunk on this side. A ravine on the southern edge of Engelhofen on the road to Sulzbach closes this layer.

nature and landscape

The catchment area of ​​Streitbach and Breitenbach in the south-west has a share of the natural area Limpurger Berge of the Swabian-Franconian Forest Mountains , which is then upstream of the neighboring natural area of ​​Fischachbucht in the northeast. Divorced they are mainly due to the tree line, which was also about the conservation area Fischachtal with side valleys and adjacent areas between Herlebach and Kottspiel starts, are excluded from the only the relatively small settlements mainly by Engelhofen and around the estuary near relocated farms.

The Stielbach and its source brooks are near-natural, winding watercourses with mostly sandy-gravelly sediment that dry out at the uppermost sections in the hot season and run in blades to the valley and where steep and flat banks alternate. The same applies to the feed from the chicken blade. Outside the forest, the steep stream then runs as a straight ditch next to a dirt road through the meadow-rich corridor, accompanied by a loose row of mostly alder trees. A bit before Engelhofen is a hectare-sized field of reed beds , divided by a tapering dirt road , to the left of the course , at the downward end of which the accompanying row of trees widens shortly to the left. In the local area of ​​Engelhofen the brook is mostly verdolt. At the other end of the village an almost treeless, straightened ditch begins in a widening meadow hollow, on which the stream is mostly not accompanied by a field path; the confluence with the Fischach is curved.

The most noticeable biotope in the valley away from the stream is the remainder of a juniper heather slope on the Kalkberg to the west above the reed bed mentioned above, which turns into overgrown forest uphill.

Almost all of the open terrain in the catchment area, with the exception of only the places and their softness around them, lies in the Fischachtal landscape conservation area with side valleys and adjacent areas between Herlebach and Kottspiel . Natural monuments are the mentioned juniper heather slope on Kalkberg west of Engelhofen and a wetland area to the left of the Stielbach below.

See also

Individual evidence

LUBW

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of ​​the Breitenbach
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

  1. ↑ a b c d Height according to the contour line image on the background layer topographic map .
  2. ↑ a b Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
  3. ↑ Length according to the water network layer (AWGN) and water body name of the LUBW's online map server.
  4. ↑ a b Catchment area measured on the background layer topographic map .
  5. ↑ a b c Height after black lettering on the background layer topographic map .
  6. ↑ a b Length measured on the background layer topographic map .
  7. ↑ Protected areas according to the relevant layers, nature partly according to the biotope layer .

Other evidence

  1. ↑ Wolf-Dieter Sick : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 162 Rothenburg o. D. Deaf. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1962. →  Online map (PDF; 4.7 MB)
  2. ↑ Geology according to the layers for Geological Map 1: 50,000 on: Map server of the State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining (LGRB) ( Notes )
    Except for its western edge, the catchment area is also shown on the geological map mentioned under →  Literature .
  3. ↑ Geotope profile of the ravine on the southern edge of Engelhofen (PDF, 331 kByte)

literature

  • Topographical map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, as single sheet No. 6924 Gaildorf and No. 6925 Obersontheim
  • Geological map of Baden-Württemberg 1: 25,000, published by the State Geological Office 1982, sheet no. 6925 Obersontheim with explanatory booklet.

Web links