Fischach (Bühler)
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Fischach upper course: Old Fischach |
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 The Fischach flows almost in the opposite direction into the Bühler |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 238664 | |
| location |
Swabian-Franconian forest mountains
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| River system | Rhine | |
| Drain over | Bühler → Kocher → Neckar → Rhine → North Sea | |
| source | In the Einkorn Forest 49 ° 5 ′ 20 ″ N , 9 ° 47 ′ 17 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 481 m above sea level NN | |
| muzzle | At Kottspiel in the Bühler coordinates: 49 ° 1 ′ 17 ″ N , 9 ° 54 ′ 33 ″ E 49 ° 1 ′ 17 ″ N , 9 ° 54 ′ 33 ″ E |
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| Mouth height | approx. 376 m above sea level NN | |
| Height difference | approx. 105 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 7.4 ‰ | |
| length | 14.2 km | |
| Catchment area | 43.121 km² | |
| Outflow A Eo : 43.121 km² at the mouth |
MQ Mq |
544 l / s 12.6 l / (s km²) |
| Right tributaries | see → tributaries | |
| Residents in the catchment area | approx. 1300 | |
 The Fischach flows through a quarry forest in the Gewann Alte Fischach after all spring branches have been united. Taken in late May after a dry period. |
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The Fischach is a small river in the Schwäbisch Hall district in north-eastern Baden-Württemberg . It rises on Schwäbisch Haller Grund in the Einkornwald in the Limpurger Mountains and, after a run to the southeast of over 14 km in length, mainly through the neighboring natural area of the low mountain range Fischachbucht , at the Bühlertanner suburb of Kottspiel, flows from the left into the Bühler .
geography
The Fischach created in the forest about 1 km east of einkorn in a wide bowl-shaped depression from the confluence of a clump of blades brooks, some of which previously still the 1-hectare Bombensee dine. To the Lembach estuary after about 4 km it then flows as a strongly meandering stream in a marshy floodplain , mostly still in the forest. Behind it, it strives in a meadow valley, straightened and without wood on the banks, towards the southeast of its mouth .
The valley basin is often delimited to the right by a pronounced edge of the adjacent, approx. 420 m high, arable Engelhofer plain, above which the steep step to the wooded plateau of the Limpurg Mountains rises to the west, which reaches a height of over 500 m. On the left, a wooded ridge of medium height borders the valley, the eastern branch of the Limpurger Mountains, on whose ridge the watershed to the Bühler runs. After about 14 km, the Fischach flows into the Bühler running towards it at Kottspiel .
Its catchment area of around 43 km² is very unbalanced. To the left it has a maximum width of 1 km, to the right it is over 4 km. All the tributaries flow to her from the right. Their gradient is even and below the source streams, less than 5 ‰, low.
The Fischach runs in the Middle Keuper , its sources lie on the edge of the silica sandstone plateau ( Hassberge Formation ) of the northern Limpurger Mountains in the Lower Bunter Mergeln ( Steigerwald Formation ) or in the reed sandstone ( Stuttgart Formation ). A little further and up to the mouth it then runs in the Gipskeuper ( Grabfeld Formation ), the Corbula layer of which is responsible for the wide leveling of the Engelhofer plain in the area of its corridor. The small river is soon accompanied by a wide strip of floodplain sediment.
The settlement in the valley adheres to the right side of the valley and avoids this flat floodplain in favor of the right foot of the hill or corresponding locations in the right side valleys, with the exception of a few old mill locations. The main settlements are the hamlets and villages of Herlebach (5 km), Oberfischach (am Bobach), Rappoltshofen (am Benzenbach), Mittelfischach (9 km), Engelhofen (am Breitenbach) and Unterfischach (11 km). There is also some scattered settlement at the foot of the western Limpurger Mountains.
The population in the valley and its side valleys is around 1,300.
Apart from the forest around the springs in the north, which is located in the Schwäbisch Hall city area, and the last two unpopulated kilometers in the south before Kottspiel, which belong to Bühlertann , the Fischachtal belongs administratively to the municipality of Obersontheim .
The Fischachtal is crossed at Mittelfischach by the provincial road 1066 Crailsheim – Gaildorf, other roads in the valley are at best district roads, such as the K 2627 Sulzdorf – Bühlerzell, which follows the river from Herlebach to Unterfischach on the right, and the K 2622 Rappoltshofen – Engelhofen – Unterfischach, which runs west of the Engelhofer plane at the foot of the elevation step to the western Limpurger mountains . The K 2599 Hessental – Herlebach from the north and the K 2619 Untersontheim – Oberfischach from the east as well as two small streets of only local importance offer further valley accesses.
Straightening
The Fischach is heavily straightened over most of its course. After partial interference in the course of the watercourse can already be noticed about 200 m above it on the stream, it runs a few meters after the Lembach confluence in a straight, profiled bed that is almost completely free from bank vegetation. It continues to flow until it reaches the mouth, at the kink of the broad floodplain in wide, rounded curves in the middle of the floodplain. The relocation of the stream is most noticeable today on an isolated old mill building opposite Unterfischach, which is now over 80 m from the water. Old maps from the 19th century show a river that meanders strongly in a wide floodplain; Sometimes you can still see the old course in small depressions in the meadows on the bank. The interventions were carried out by the Reich Labor Service in the 1930s .
The larger tributaries from the right have also mostly been straightened, at least on their lower reaches, where they in turn have formed a noticeable floodplain: The Lembach has only been straightened in the lowest course. The Brühlbach is the only one that is almost natural with narrow meanders and a high alder gallery, only for the last 40 m it is led in an arched artificial bed to the acute-angled confluence with the Fischach. The Lustbach flows almost dead straight from its exit to the forest. The Bobach is straightened before the Oberfischach area, as is the Benzenbach from Rappoltshofen. The straightened part of the Bühlbach begins before the L 1066 ("Black Bridge") is crossed, that of the Breitenbach begins before the Engelhofen area. The last 1.5 km of the hamlet of Bach is a mere side ditch of dirt roads.
Tributaries
The more important tributaries of the Fischach all flow to it from the right from the Limpurger Mountains . The upper and middle reaches usually start very close to the Kohlenstraße , a north-west-south-east running forest high road on its plateau from Schwäbisch Hall -Einkorn past Gaildorf -Winzenweiler and further towards the village of Kohlwald in the municipality of Sulzbach-Laufen . Those to the lower reaches arise more in the area of the steep north-eastern slope foot of this plateau, in the source area you can find sinter formations there in places (upper reaches Stielbach des Breitenbach , hamlet Bach ). In the lower left Fischach valley, a number of floodplain ditches run strictly parallel to the straightened river and then flow at right angles, they were apparently artificially created for drainage.
- Table of major direct inflows
They all flow in from the right.
- With for comparison the Fischach itself.
- Lengths are those of the main strands, i.e. plus any overflow lengths.
- Water code GKZ for better readability with a separator behind the prefix, which is the GKZ of the Fischach itself.
- For evidence and more details see above in the main article, which also lists the higher tributaries and lakes, or in the respective creek article.
| Surname | GKZ | location | Length in km |
EZG in km² |
Mouth | Mouth height in m above sea level NHN |
on |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fischach | 238664 | n / A | 14.2 | 43.5 | Bühlertann - Kottspiel | 376 | |
| Sauklingenbach | 238664-12 | right | 1.3 | 0.7 | Schwäbisch Hall , Einkornwald | 431 | drains the bomb lake |
| Lembach | 238664-14 | right | 2.6 | 1.9 | Obersontheim- Herlebach, a little upwards | 411.5 | |
| Bruehlbach | 238664-2 | right | 3.4 | 3.5 | Obersontheim-Herlebach, bridge | 410 | with OL Eschertalbach |
| Lustbach | 238664-32 | right | 3.2 | 1.7 | Obersontheim-Oberfischach, a little to the north | 403.4 | |
| Bobach | 238664-4 | right | 4.0 | 3.4 | Obersontheim-Oberfischach, a little to the east | 399 | with OL Rotbach |
| Benzenbach | 238664-52 | right | 4.4 | 4.5 | Obersontheim-Rappoltshofen, east | 389.7 | |
| Bühlbach | 238664-6 | right | 4.8 | 4.2 | Obersontheim-Mittelfischach, a little downhill | 385.2 | drains the Haspelsee |
| Breitenbach | 238664-72 | right | 4.6 | 5.0 | Obersontheim-Mittelfischach, downhill, Hofgruppe Breitenbach | 385 | with OL Stielbach |
| Hamlet Bach | 238664-8 | right | 3.8 | 4.1 | Obersontheim-Unterfischach, east of the Mühlweg bridge | 381.5 | |
| Schaufelbach | 238664-92 | right | 2.1 | 1.2 | Obersontheim-Unterfischach, downhill, Gumpenwiesen | 380.0 | with OL Altenbach |
Protected areas
Almost along its entire length, the Fischach runs in a landscape protection area called Fischachtal with side valleys and adjacent areas between Herlebach and Kottspiel . The area was designated with the number 1.27.088 on November 9, 1998 by the Schwäbisch Hall district office and has a size of around 1,554 hectares. It comprises areas in the area of the municipalities of Obersontheim , Bühlertann and Bühlerzell .
The direct course of the brook of the Fischach and parts of the landscape protection area belong to the FFH area Oberes Bühlertal , which was registered on January 1, 2005 , is 636.6 hectares in size and bears the protection area number 7025-341.
See also
- List of the tributaries of the Fischach
- List of the Bühler tributaries
- List of landscape protection areas in the district of Schwäbisch Hall
Individual evidence
LUBW
Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Map of the course and catchment area of the Fischach
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )
- ↑ Height according to the contour line image on the topographic map background layer .
- ↑ On the TK50 the number 375.7 is written in black near the mouth, the number 376 on the TK25 in blue. The 375 contour line runs on the TK25 in the floodplain close to the left (i.e. down the valley) along the mouth of the Fischach. Since Fischach and Bühler have dug troughs at least 3 meters deep at the mouth according to personal inspection, a noticeably lower mouth height than the stated approx. 376 m can be expected.
- ↑ Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
- ↑ Catchment area summed up from the sub-catchment areas according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
Other evidence
- ↑ Modeled values according to the discharge BW water node MQ / MNQ
- ↑ a b The Federal Statistical Office cites (as of December 31, 2015) a total population of 4769 for the municipality of Obersontheim , to which all places in the catchment area of the Fischach belong. The municipality website names (query from October 10, 2016) around 2,300 inhabitants for Obersontheim, the largest district, which is completely settled in the neighboring Bühlertal, and for Untersontheim, Ummenhofen and Hausen together - but the entire district is probably not listed here Untersontheim meant - from 1,200. The single property Röschbühl or Fallhaus in Fischachtal is the only part of this district of Untersontheim . Conversely, all places in the other two districts of Ober- and Mittelfischach are in the catchment area of the Fischach.
- ↑ Time according to the oral testimony of a then adolescent from a neighboring village.
literature
- Topographic map of Baden-Württemberg North 1: 25,000, single-sheet cut the maps No. 6924 Gaildorf and 6925 Obersontheim.
- Geological map of Baden-Württemberg 1: 25,000, published by the State Geological Office 1982, sheet no. 6925 Obersontheim with explanatory booklet.
- Geological map of the Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park 1: 50,000, published by the State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg i. Br. 2001.
Web links
- Map of Fischach and its catchment area on: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information )
- Map of Fischach and its catchment area on: Geoportal Baden-Württemberg ( information )
- Measuring table sheets in the Deutsche Fotothek :
- 6924 Gaildorf from 1930
- 6925 Obersontheim from 1936