Benzenbach (Fischach)

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Benzenbach
Data
Water code DE : 23866452
location Swabian-Franconian forest mountains

Baden-Württemberg

River system Rhine
Drain over Fischach  → Bühler  → Kocher  → Neckar  → Rhine  → North Sea
source approx. 3.0 km west of Rappoltshofen near the Dreikaiserlinde on Kohlenstrasse
49 ° 2 ′ 42 ″  N , 9 ° 47 ′ 57 ″  E
Source height below  490  m above sea level NHN
muzzle approx. 0.7 km northwest of Mittelfischach from the right and west into the middle Fischach coordinates: 49 ° 2 ′ 49 ″  N , 9 ° 51 ′ 19 ″  E 49 ° 2 ′ 49 ″  N , 9 ° 51 ′ 19 ″  E
Mouth height 389.9  m above sea level NHN
Height difference 100.1 m
Bottom slope 23 ‰
length 4.4 km
Catchment area approx. 4.5 km²

The Benzenbach is an almost 4.5 km long brook in the area of ​​the municipality Obersontheim in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in north-eastern Baden-Württemberg , which flows into the middle Fischach from the right and west a little above the village of Mittelfischach .

geography

course

The Benzenbach arises below 490  m above sea level. NHN on the eastern edge of the forest plateau of the Limpurger Mountains near the coal road at the Dreikaiserlinde, where a branch to the hamlet of Benzenhof branches off this forest path. It runs very consistently east from start to finish. On his first almost kilometer run, he pulls through the forest of the Benzenklinge , in which a few shorter rivulets run to him from the right slope. At about 440  m it leaves the forest and now moves through a meadow with few winds, here as well as half a kilometer further down the remains of a former lake dam can be seen. After that, fields come closer to the run, which continues in a grassland hollow, and soon the Benzenbach reaches the small hamlet of Benzenhof on the left bank. 300 meters later it flows into 416  m above sea level. NHN in the Breitäckern from the right the first tributary that can really be named, the Streitbach (or Breitbach ), which rises at the northeast foot of the Streitberg ( 514  m above sea level ), is almost one and a half kilometers long and mostly along the tree line . A fish pond the size of a tenth of a hectare lies in the corner of the mouth. On the left the wooded one accompanies you up to this point and a little further, a level of 490  m above sea level. NHN- holding high plateau foothills Siebersberg the Benzenbach, while to the right of the Streitbach approaching at very acute angles a narrow, also wooded ridge in a conspicuously rounded knoll of only 444  m above sea level. NHN ends.

This is only followed by a short section on which the brook, which now runs in a deeper trough, pulls a few loops. The very irregularly steep right slope is used as pasture here. About three kilometers below its source, the stream reaches the hamlet of Rappoltshofen and then runs along its southern edge: it is the largest place on its bank. Here, the bottom of the valley widens to form a flat floodplain, almost 300 meters wide, which then opens more and more towards the Fischach valley. Soon after the Aueneintritt it flows into last artificial grave run from right the Riedbächle to, with 2,5km from its inception in the forest is the longest tributary with but one leg that runs underground. In this meadow the Benzenbach runs in a straight, profiled ditch that was created between the world wars and in which it has not yet managed to create more than insignificant windings, with almost no accompanying bushes. About half a kilometer after the outskirts, it runs under a small bridge on Fischachtalstrasse (K 2627), after another 200 meters through the right floodplain, it flows out at 390  m above sea level. NHN from the right and west into the middle Fischach , halfway between the Beutenmühle and the Obersontheim village of Mittelfischach .

The Benzenbach is 4.4 km long and has a bottom gradient of about 98 meters, relative to about 23 ‰.

Catchment area

The Benzenbach drains an area of ​​around 4.5 km² on the east side of the Limpurger Mountains and in the adjacent Fischach Bay eastwards to the Fischach. From a natural point of view, it is located in the Swabian-Franconian forest mountains . rises in their sub-area Limpurger Berge and soon and for the most part runs in the sub-area Fischachbucht and Randhöhen .

Its catchment area has roughly the contour of a wedge that is less than 4.5 km long and slowly tapering eastwards with a beveled base of about 1.5 km. In it, the Benzenbach runs to below the Benzenhof, pretty close to the northern watershed.

This begins at its north-west corner a good 300 meters north-north-west of the Dreikaiserlinde on the coal road on the wooded plateau of the Limpurger mountains at an altitude of about 499  m above sea level. NHN and then stretches on the narrow plateau foothills through the Langer Esterich and Siebersberg forest troughs for almost 2.5 km at over 480  m above sea level. NHN almost exactly eastwards. On the other side of the mountain tongue, the Oberfischacher Rotbach drains over the Bobach to the upward Fischach. From the Siebersberg the borderline descends rapidly to an almost one kilometer long, plowed terrain platform between 450 and 430  m above sea level. NHN , in order to then quickly drop another step in a south-easterly direction into the Fischachtal and then over its broad valley level to a little over 390  m above sea level. NHN to run to the mouth.

Then the catchment area border rises first to the south, then to the west again to the middle terrain platform and from then on runs quite flat in front of the catchment area of ​​the downward, Mittelfischach Fischach tributary Brühlbach to the west-south-west to the edge of the forest at the foot of the Harzplatte . There it rises again quickly westwards from about 435  m above sea level. NHN to the over 500  m above sea level. NHN towering plateau of the Limpurger Mountains, up further west to the southwest corner of the catchment area on the Streitberg at about 514  m above sea level. NHN . So far has gone both competitors over the Fischach to Buhler , so now borders on the on the plateau west-northwest pulling watershed the catchment area of the west side of the mountains to Limpurger cooker ongoing Eutendorfer Steppach on.

Of the total area of ​​4.5 km², around 1.9 km² are forested in the west on the plateau and down to the beginning of the central terrain platform. The open terrain on this is mostly plowed, with the meadows dominating on its steep slopes and in the valley basin of the Benzenbach. There are orchards in the soft area of ​​Rappoltshofen and on the steep slopes of the first terrain level.

The largest settlement area is the hamlet of Rappoltshofen on the left side of the Benzenbach at the beginning of the floodplain bay that opens far to the Fischach, which also includes an emigrant farm in the tub on the mouth of the Riedbächle, and the hamlet of Benzenhof in the upper valley on the banks of the Benzenbach. Like around 95% of the area, they belong to the Oberfischach subdistrict of the municipality of Obersontheim . On the eastern edge of the catchment area, especially in the valley floodplains of Benzenbach and Fischach, an eighth of a square kilometer belongs to the Mittelfischach subdivision, on the western edge beyond the coal road there is about as much forest on the plateau in the Eutendorfer area of ​​the town of Gaildorf .

Tributaries and lakes

List of tributaries and RiverIcon-SmallLake.svglakes from source to mouth. Length of water, lake area, catchment area and altitude according to the corresponding layers on the LUBW online map. Other sources for the information are noted.

Origin of the Benzenbach at about 488  m above sea level. NHN approx. 3.0 km west of Rappoltshofen near the Dreikaiserlinde on the Kohlenstraße . The stream flows east throughout.

  • (Four tributaries), from the right and south up to about 440  m above sea level. NHN down in the wooded Benzenklinge , up to 0.3 km. Arise at heights of 480  m above sea level. NHN on the upper right slope in the Waldgewann Hundshof .
  • Streitbach , perhaps also Breitbach , from the right and west-southwest to approx. 417  m above sea level. NHN about 300 meters below the Benzenhof , 1.4 km and about 0.7 km². Arises at about 465  m above sea level. NHN at the northeast foot of the Streitberg .
  • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svg Fish pond close to the mouth of the previous one, 0.1 ha.
  • Riedbächle , from the right and west-southwest to about 398  m above sea level. NHN across from Rappoltshofen, 2.5 km and approx. 1.2 km². Arises at about 458  m above sea level. NHN on the Harzplatte forest slope . The stream flows underground for over 0.6 km from the beginning of the field.

Mouth of the Benzenbach from the right and west to 389.9  m above sea level. NHN between the Beutenmühle and the village of Mittelfischach in the middle Fischach . The stream is 4.4 km long and has a catchment area of ​​around 4.5 km².

geology

The catchment area is entirely in the Keuper . The Benzenbach rises in the transition area between the silica sandstone covering the plateau of the Limpurger Mountains ( Hassberge Formation ) and the Upper Bunten Marln ( Mainhardt Formation ) below . After passing through this and a strip of reed sandstone ( Stuttgart Formation ) fairly quickly, it enters the gypsum keuper ( Grabfeld Formation ) that characterizes the corridor landscape of the Fischach Valley and finally ends in the flood sediment strip next to the Fischach.

The upper level of the Limpurger Mountains at heights of 490  m and above on the left spur of Langer Esterich and Siebersberg is due to the erosion-resistant silica sandstone layer . The average to about 440- 430  m , which occupies most of the surface of the catchment area of the foot of the Waldberge and belongs to other natural space, a Verebnungsfläche above the Corbula layer of the Gipskeuper, a rather is flat, but by dolomitisation very erosion resistant layer of lime which is stored here in the gypsum keuper package. The knoll to the right of the Streitbach mentioned in the description of the course is typical of the landscape of the Fischach valley, under it, like elsewhere, there is presumably a lens of plaster of paris that has not been subroded as on most of the surface.

history

On a map from the 19th century from the time before the stream straightening in the Fischachtal, the Fischach runs from the wide and flat Benzenbach-Untertal from the southeast to another, no longer existing watercourse called Katzenbach , which is about 300 to 400 measured as the crow flies Meters long. The confluence was roughly at the point where the straightened Benzenbach runs under the bridge of the Fischachtalstraße almost 200 meters from its confluence today. In the past, the Fischach almost touched the other side of the street in a south-west arch. The old Katzenbach run is nowhere to be seen in nature, but the route is still clearly visible in aerial photographs as a strip of lush green through the meadows there. It is unclear when the Katzenbach was digested, drained or filled in and whether it still existed when it had to flow into the straightened Benzenbach after its location.

Presumably the very flat floodplain Katzenbach was the drainage route of the approximately 500-meter-long Birkenbach , from which longer remains of trenches are easy to find. The former artificial watercourse, still shown in dashed blue on today's maps, winds a few meters above the meadow level on the right Untertal slope under hedges alongside an unpaved field path, apparently in the extension of the Riedbach, which after entering the Benzenbachaue initially also follows the right foot of the slope, before today it is led to the left on a straight path to the Benzenbach - on the old map the Riedbächle does not yet have a confluence with the Benzenbach. Today's Birkenbach-Graben, interrupted a little earlier, only holds some water in a few pools after rainfall or when the snow melts. It ends blind under a willow that ends the hedge train about 200 meters from the Katzenbach route of the aerial photos. The location map also shows its course on the sections that are no longer recognizable in nature through registered property boundaries. It is apparently gradually being filled in more and more, the hedge cleared and taken to the adjacent meadow. For it to have driven a mill earlier, the possible flow rate seems too low, the possibility of backwater too small and the gradient too small. The description of the upper office from 1851 also knows nothing of a mill in Rappoldshofen or Mittelfischach. Possibly it used to be used to irrigate meadows . However, there are no remaining structural facilities to be seen.

Nature and reserve

The entire open corridor in the catchment area, but without the settlement area of ​​Rappoltshofen and Benzenhof, belongs to the Fischachtal landscape conservation area with side valleys and adjacent areas between Herlebach and Kottspiel ; the tree line is essentially also the border of the partial natural areas that are traversed.

The stream runs through its natural upper reaches of the forest, accompanied by alder trees, a blade that is barely deepened . On the subsequent meadow run it goes very straight past only a few trees. A little below the Benzenhof there is another short, more natural section with loops and a gallery of trees. Passing Rappoltshofen on the right, it moves in front of its meadow widening at the foot of an orchard on the right slope; Beyond the houses along the through road, there are farm orchards on the opposite slope, as well as on the right slope after the meadow widening, which is also accompanied by a few pieces of hedges on the upper and lower slope edge (see the Birkenbach in →  History ). The stream runs through the wide underflow floodplain in a dead straight, V-shaped trench with almost no wood, in which it has not yet succeeded in deviating more than 50 cm from its pre-drawn route in the more than 70 years since it was straightened. There are almost only meadows on both sides. After crossing the Fischachtalstraße, fields border on both sides for almost 200 meters up to the mouth.

See also

Individual evidence

LUBW

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of ​​the Benzenbach
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

  1. ↑ a b Height according to the contour line image on the topographic map background layer .
  2. ↑ a b Height according to the gray lettering on the background layer topographic map .
  3. ↑ a b Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
  4. ↑ a b Catchment area measured on the background layer topographic map .
  5. ↑ a b Name Streitbach according to the inscription on an older edition of the local topographic map, which is usually more reliable in questions of name. The water network layer (AWGN) , on the other hand, names the inflow as Breitbach . The brook arises at the foot of the Streitberg and flows into the Gewann Breitäcker .
  6. ↑ Lake area after the layer standing waters .
  7. ↑ a b Length measured on the background layer topographic map .
  8. ↑ See the LUBW card on high resolutions.
  9. ↑ Protected area according to the relevant layer, nature partially according to the biotope layer .

Other evidence

  1. ↑ Wolf-Dieter Sick : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 162 Rothenburg o. D. Deaf. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1962. →  Online map (PDF; 4.7 MB)
  2. ↑ Geology according to the layers for Geological Map 1: 50,000 on: Map server of the State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining (LGRB) ( notes ). The geological map listed under → Literature offers a similar picture, only for the eastern part  .
  3. ↑ See sheet 30 of the Topographical Atlas of the Kingdom of Württemberg from 1841 at the →  Weblinks .
  4. ↑ See in the description of the Oberamt Gaildorf from 1851 the chapters on the old communities Ober-Fischach and Mittel-Fischach.

literature

  • Topographical map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, as single sheet No. 6924 Gaildorf and No. 6925 Obersontheim
  • Geological map of Baden-Württemberg 1: 25,000, published by the State Geological Office 1982, sheet no. 6925 Obersontheim with explanatory booklet.
  • Topographical Atlas of the Kingdom of Württemberg, Sheet 30, 841 (JPG, 16 MByte)

Web links