Bretterwandbach

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Bretterwandbach
The Bretterwandbach in the Matrei market

The Bretterwandbach in the Matrei market

Data
Water code AT : 2-374-64-50-28
location East Tyrol
River system Danube
Drain over Tauernbach  → Isel  → Drau  → Danube  → Black Sea
source Board wall
47 ° 1 ′ 38 ″  N , 12 ° 34 ′ 25 ″  O
Source height 1932  m above sea level A.
muzzle near Matrei in Osttirol in the Tauernbach Coordinates: 47 ° 0 '2 "  N , 12 ° 31' 53"  E 47 ° 0 '2 "  N , 12 ° 31' 53"  E
Mouth height 936  m above sea level A.
Height difference 996 m
Bottom slope 11%
length 8.8 km
Catchment area 18.4 km²
Left tributaries Hinterburgerbach, Ladstattbach, Goldriedbach
Right tributaries Shiny brook
Communities Matrei in East Tyrol

The Bretterwandbach is a brook in the municipality of Matrei in East Tyrol ( Lienz district ). He was before his obstruction as the most dangerous torrent of Austria.

course

The Bretterwandbach rises south of the Bretterwand, the southern flank of the Bretterwandspitze . It is formed from two arms of the source that unite near the "Wallische Hütte". As a result, the Bretterwandbach runs south, where it takes up the Hinterburgerbach on the left below the Roaneralm. Shortly afterwards, the Bretterwandbach turns to the south-west, where, just above the “Kalkofensperre”, it takes in the Ladstattbach and the Goldriedbach. The Glanzer Bach flows into this sediment barrier on the right. After the bed load barrier, the Bretterwandbach runs in a west-southwest direction south of the hamlet of Hinterburg to the Matrei market, where it flows along the Grabenweg right through the main town of the municipality of Matrei. To the west of the town center, the Bretterwandbach, which forms a wide gravel area between Dammweg and Kastelruther Straße, flows into the Tauernbach .

Building measures

The lime kiln lock

Because of the heavy mudslides from the Bretterwandbach, a total of 168 torrent and avalanche barriers were built along its course . Since a mudslide from the Bretterwandbach stream can contain up to 120,000 cubic meters of mud, earth and stones, the lime kiln barrier alone has a capacity of 100,000 cubic meters. In order to increase safety along the Bretterwandbach, more than ten million euros were invested in the construction of the creek in the years before 2011 alone. In the area of ​​the Ledererbrücke, sliding gates were installed which, at the push of a button, close the gaps in the construction necessary for traffic. Sensors and measuring stations at sensitive points of the Bretterwandbach warn of an impending flood or mudslide.

history

Matrei after the Bretterwandbach eruption in 1895

The oldest documentation of an eruption of the Bretterwandbach comes from the year 1276. Also in 1347 the Matrei market was almost completely destroyed by a devastating flood. Despite the high dangers, farmers and artisans built mills on the edge of the dangerous torrent, which piled up a cone of rubble 40 to 50 meters high in the Matrei area. From the following centuries mudslides and floods have repeatedly passed down that devastated the place. Matrei is said to have been seriously damaged 27 times by the Bretterwandbach, with cases of damage from the years 1850, 1882, 1886, 1895, 1907, 1927, 1932, 1945, 1946, 1965, 1966, 1970 and 1972 since the middle of the 19th century are recorded. After the repeated mudslides, some houses in Matrei have three “basement floors”, as new floors were added to the destroyed and filled-in floors. The residents of Presslab, a hamlet in the village of Glanz at 1595  m above sea level. A. Located high and high above the Bretterwandbach, the task of warning the residents of the market about outbreaks of the Bretterwandbach was given before the establishment of modern safety and warning systems. For example, the residents of the high courtyards signaled to the market residents by waving large cloths or firing gunshots when they could hear or see cracks on the board wall. The market residents were able to use the time until the debris arrived to remove the bridges over the Bretterwandbach and to close the gaps in the protective wall.

Scientists at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, have calculated the probability of such events occurring from records of historical debris flows: Small and medium-sized flood events occur on average every 26 years, large to very large ones every 56 years.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Office of the Tyrolean Provincial Government Dept. Environmental Protection (Ed.): Nature Conservation Plan of the Tyrolean River Areas. Classification of the river area-specific natural area potential. District: East Tyrol. Lienz 2004
  2. ↑ Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (Ed.): Area directory of the Austrian river basins: Draugebiet. Contributions to the hydrography of Austria, issue No. 59, Vienna 2011, p. 9 ( PDF; 3.5 MB )
  3. ↑ a b ORF Tirol “Austria's most dangerous torrent tamed”, April 11, 2012
  4. ↑ a b dolomitenstadt.at “ Most dangerous torrent (almost) tamed”, June 2, 2011
  5. ↑ Tirol Atlas - Natural History Tirol: Keyword search Bretterwandbach
  6. ↑ naturgefahren.at "Torrent and avalanche events before 1882"
  7. ↑ Ministry for an Austria worth living in (ed.): Flood Risk Management Plan 2015. Risk area: Bretterwandbach - Matrei iO 7093 . Vienna 2015
  8. ^ Kurzthaler: History - Art - Culture. P. 90.
  9. ^ Johannes Hübl, Sven Fuchs, Florian Sitter, Reinhold Totschnig: Towards a frequency-magnitude relationship for torrent events in Austria . In: 5th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards: Mitigation, Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment . June 2011, doi : 10.4408 / ijege.2011-03.b-097 .

Web links

Commons : Bretterwandbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files