Bromides

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When bromides are salts of hydrobromic acid (HBr), respectively. But organic compounds containing bromine are often called bromides, contrary to the IUPAC rules. The bromide ion is an anion and is also called bromide for short. It belongs to the halides .

Occurrence, properties and production

Inorganic chemistry

Silver bromide AgBr occurs in nature as silver bromide (bromite, bromargyrite).

A bromide salt contains bromide ions (Br - ) in its ion lattice , which are simply negatively charged. They arise, for example, from the reaction of metals with elemental bromine or hydrobromic acid. The neutralization of metal oxides or metal hydroxides with hydrobromic acid also produces bromide salts of these metals.

The inorganic bromides include, for example, the salts

Organic chemistry

Structural formula of benzyl bromide - bromine is covalently bound.

There are also organic bromides in which the bromine is present as a bromide ion, e.g. B. in the hydrobromides or in tetramethylammonium bromide. In organic bromides that are not salts, bromine is covalently bonded to a carbon atom. The production takes place z. B. through the reaction of alcohols with hydrobromic acid, through the addition of hydrogen bromide to alkenes , photobromination of alkanes , the calcium bromination of aromatics or the Sandmeyer reaction . Examples of organic bromine compounds are

proof

The detection reactions for halides are used to detect bromide wet-chemically .

If inorganic bromides are heated with concentrated sulfuric acid , brown vapors rise (elemental bromine ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Brockhaus ABC Chemie , VEB FA Brockhaus Verlag Leipzig 1965, pp 204-205.
  2. ↑ Otto-Albrecht Neumüller (Ed.): Römpps Chemie-Lexikon. Volume 1: A-Cl. 8th revised and expanded edition. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-440-04511-0 , pp. 520-521.
  3. ^ Siegfried Hauptmann : Organic Chemistry , 2nd Edition, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindindustrie, Leipzig, 1985, p. 294, ISBN 3-342-00280-8 .
  4. ^ Siegfried Hauptmann : Organic Chemistry , 2nd edition, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, 1985, p. 293, ISBN 3-342-00280-8 .
  5. ^ Siegfried Hauptmann : Organic Chemistry , 2nd edition, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindindustrie, Leipzig, 1985, p. 534, ISBN 3-342-00280-8 .

Web links

Wikibooks: Practical course in inorganic chemistry / bromide  - learning and teaching materials