Brunfelsia chiricaspi
| Brunfelsia chiricaspi | ||||||||||||
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| Brunfelsia chiricaspi | ||||||||||||
| Plowman |
Brunfelsia chiricaspi is a species from the Franciscea section of the genus Brunfelsia . It occurs in parts of Colombia and Ecuador .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Brunfelsia chiricaspi is a 1 to 3 meter high shrub or small tree. The trunk reaches a diameter of 5 centimeters at the base. The bark is thin, somewhat rough and grayish brown. Only a few loose branches are formed, these are splayed out and not leafy. The twigs are hairless, shiny light brown to ocher and have a thin bark. The leaves are scattered or in groups on these branches. The leaf blade becomes 20 to 30 centimeters long, 7 to 12 centimeters long, its shape is elliptical to lanceolate, sometimes inverted ovate. To the front they are blunt and provided with a short, slightly sickle-shaped tip or tapering to a point. The base is wedge-shaped to blunt. The leaf surfaces are hairless and matt, almost leathery and smooth, the upper side is dark green, the underside pale green. Eight to ten pairs of straight lateral veins extend from the central axis. The leaf stalks are 5 to 10 millimeters long, strong, hairless, rough and dark brown.
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescences are terminal or axillary umbrella clusters of four to seven (rarely up to 20) flowers . The bracts are 1 to 2 millimeters long, lanceolate, concave and hairless. The sepals are fused into a 10 to 13 millimeter long and 4 to 6 millimeter diameter calyx. Its shape is tubular-bell-shaped and slightly inflated. It is hairless, purple to pale green and has short, broadly triangular calyx teeth. The calyx teeth are pointed to blunt and have a short glandular tip. On the fruit, the calyx is leathery, veined with stripes and is provided with cork pores . The crown is sky blue to purple, fades to white and shows a five-sided white spot at the opening of the corolla tube. The corolla tube is straight and hairless, it becomes 22 to 25 millimeters long and is thus about twice as long as the calyx. The coronet measures 25 to 30 millimeters in diameter and has a noticeable, five-sided, fleshy thickening at the opening of the corolla tube. The corolla lobes are almost the same shape, strongly curved backwards towards the flower, the upper corolla lobe is slightly larger and rounded.
The stamens start in the upper half of the corolla tube and are almost tongue-shaped. The lower pair is 2.5 millimeters long and is located further inside the corolla tube than the approximately 3.5 millimeter long upper pair, which extends to the opening of the corolla tube. The anthers are up to 1.5 millimeters long, light brown and spherical-kidney-shaped. The ovary is 2 millimeters long and ovate-conical. It has a thread-like stylus that extends between the stamens. The scar is slightly bilobed and blunt, the upper scar lobe is slightly larger.
Fruits and seeds
The fruit is an almost spherical capsule , 10 millimeters long and 8 millimeters in diameter , which dries when ripe. It contains only a few seeds , these are 6 millimeters long, measure 2.5 millimeters in diameter and are elliptical-kidney-shaped and grained like a network.
Occurrence and locations
The species occurs in parts of Colombia and Ecuador . Originally it was only known from a few collections from a small area in southwest Colombia, but more recently a large number of collections have been created in neighboring Ecuador. The species grows as part of the shrub layer in moist primary forests at altitudes of 325 to 500 meters.
Botanical history
Brunfelsia chiricaspi was first described in 1973 by Timothy Plowman . As a type specimen , he chose a collection by Guillermo Klug from 1930, which was found near Puerto Umbria in the Departamento de Putumayo in southwest Colombia . The species epithet refers to the local name of the species chiricaspi . The holotype is the Herbarium of Harvard University kept isotypes exist in the herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet in Stockholm and the Smithsonian Institution in Washington.
meaning
An ethnobotanical use as strong medicine and as an anesthetic is known from the Colombian Cofán , who call the drug obtained from the plant covi tsontinba''k'o . To prepare it, the bark of the plant is repeatedly soaked in cold water and pressed out. Symptoms that may occur after ingestion include prolonged tingling throughout the body ( paresthesia ), expulsion , severe tremor , stomach cramps, nausea, vertigo, and loss of mobility.
proof
Main sources
- Timothy C. Plowman (Author), Sandra Knapp, JR Press (Ed.): A Revision of the South American Species of Brunfelsia (Solanaceae) . Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago August 1998, ISBN 978-9998104693 . (Fieldiana Botany, New Series, No. 39).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Timothy C. Plowman: Brunfelsia in Ethnomedicine . In: Botanical Museum Leaflets , Harvard University, Volume 25, Number 10, December 1977. pp. 289-320.