Brunnenhalle (Bad Kissingen)

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Fountain hall (exterior view) around 1905

The iron fountain hall (also known as the fountain pavilion and fountain temple ) in the Bavarian state baths in Bad Kissingen was built in 1841 on behalf of the Bavarian King Ludwig I according to designs by the builder Friedrich von Gärtner and inaugurated on May 15, 1842. It was the first civil engineering in Bavaria and one of the first buildings in Germany to be constructed entirely as a cast-iron frame structure and was then considered the most outstanding well construction of all European spas. The hall was demolished in 1909 and in the same place in 1911 through today, complete massively built well and pump room replaced, which allowed an independent from the weather stay.

General

Well hall with arcade construction around 1845
Well hall (interior view) around 1845

The roofing of the Rakoczy and Pandur springs had been planned by the district government since 1835. On January 14, 1836, King Ludwig I approved its construction and on March 6, 1837, he also approved Friedrich von Gärtner's designs, which had previously been changed by the architecture committee in terms of the extension of the building. However, the financing fund actually provided for the new fountain pavilion was needed to cover the additional costs incurred for the arcade construction (1838), which delayed the start of construction on the cast-iron fountain hall until 1841. For the inauguration, commemorative coins were minted with the following inscription: "Ludwig I, King of Bavaria, gave this health resort the renewed proof of his attention through the completely cast iron covering of the healing springs, executed and completed May 15, 1842."

The fountain hall stood on the southern edge of the spa garden laid out more than a hundred years earlier by Balthasar Neumann , directly connected to the southern end of the long arcade of the arcade building also built by Friedrich von Gärtner four years earlier on the western edge of the spa garden. It was an open hall made of cast and wrought iron on a stone foundation , in the middle of which the two healing fountains Rakoczy and Pandur were housed in a lower basin . The purpose of the hall was to offer the guests a suitable shelter at the time and at the same time to protect the two healing fountains Rakoczy and Pandur from surface water and contamination.

Builders and executors

The design came from Friedrich von Gärtner, who at the time was a royal Bavarian senior building officer and director of the Munich Academy of Fine Arts . The superstructure of the fountain hall was cast and assembled at the royal mining and steelworks office in Bergen (Chiemgau) , whose chief executive at the time was the royal miner Franz Paul Bergmann . The modeling and execution of the castings and the installation on site took place under the supervision of B. Huber , royal Bavarian chief foreman of mining and metallurgy . The four cast iron stairs down to the spring basin and the four stairs to the galleries were made in the royal iron foundry in Bodenwöhr , headed by mountain master Eberhard Joseph von Streber . The foundation with the stone spring basin was designed by the royal building inspector Ludwig Krämer .

Building description

The hall structure above the two healing wells, made entirely of iron, was around 23 meters long and eleven meters wide. The superstructure of the hall was supported by 56 columns. On both sides of the hall floor, two flights of stairs led to a lower stone spring basin and two flights of stairs to the galleries on both sides, supported by wall columns and 84 quarter arches.

The central building with its two gables , whose ten richly decorated arches with a span of almost 7 meters supported the tent-like, white and blue striated main roof, was about 7½ meters high up to its ridge . The height on the side walls was 6½ meters. The arcades surrounding the central building and provided with their own roof had a height of just over 4 meters up to the roof approach.

The building consisted of 1,124 larger castings and countless wrought iron parts and screws to connect the castings. The total weight of all iron components was 1,734 Bavarian hundredweight (1 Bavarian hundredweight = 56  kilograms ; today 1,942 hundredweight), the roof covering made of sheet iron was 16 Bavarian hundredweight (today 18 hundredweight) and 15 Bavarian pounds (today 8.4 kg).

building-costs

The value of all cast and wrought iron components at that time was given as 27,000 guilders , the transport and other ancillary costs at around 5,000 guilders. The foundation construction cost approx. 20,000 guilders. The total costs of around 325,000 euros (1 guilder = 6.24 euros) today were borne by the Bavarian state.

literature

  • Knut Stegmann: The health resort as a stage - cast iron and concrete as "new" building materials in the health resort architecture of the 19th and early 20th centuries. In: Peter Weidisch, Fred Kaspar (Hrsg.): Spa and modernity. (= Special publications of the Bad Kissingen city archive. Volume 11). Schöningh, Würzburg 2017, ISBN 978-3-87717-859-1 , pp. 129–158.
  • JB Niedergesees: Description of Kissingen and its surroundings. Bad Kissingen 1844, p. 51 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Ewald Wegner: Friedrich von Gärtner and Bad Kissingen. (= Mainfränkische Studien. Volume 25). Friends of Mainfränkischer Art and History, Würzburg 1981.

Web links

Commons : Brunnenhalle  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Culture & Technology , Deutsches Museum (ed.), Thiemig Verlag, 1994, page 36
  2. ^ Journal of Bavarian State History , Volume 45, Society for Franconian History, Verlag Beck, 1982, page 215 ( excerpt )
  3. ^ Ewald Wegner: Friedrich von Gärtner and Bad Kissingen , Mainfränkische Studien, Volume 25, Friends of Mainfränkischer Kunst und Geschichte, 1981, page 37 ( excerpt )
  4. ^ Peter Ziegler: Prominenz auf Promenadewegen , Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, Würzburg 2004, ISBN 3-87717-809-X , page 37
  5. ↑ Oskar Diruf : Kissingen and his healing springs , Bad Kissingen 1871, page 8 ( digitized version )
  6. ^ FJ Reichardt: Address book of Kissingen , Bad Kissingen 1865, page 29 ( digitized version )
  7. ↑ If the value of a guilder at that time is set at 6.24 euros today, the value of the goods is around 168,500 euros, for transport and ancillary costs around 31,200 euros and for the foundation (foundation with basin) around 124,800 euros. This results in total costs of approx. 324,000 euros.

Coordinates: 50 ° 11 ′ 50 "  N , 10 ° 4 ′ 35.6"  E