Bruno Fridrichowitsch Adler

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Bruno Fridrichowitsch Adler ( Russian Бруно Фридрихович Адлер ; born October 26, 1874 in Voronezh , † March 18, 1942 in Omsk ) was a Russian-German ethnologist , anthropologist , curator and professor at Moscow State University.

Life

Bruno Adler was born in Voronezh, Russia, in 1874. After attending the high school there, he began his academic training in natural sciences at the Moscow State University in 1893 . First he studied at the mathematical-physical institute and then with Dmitri Nikolajewitsch Anutschin , the head of the Department of Geography and Anthropology. After graduating in 1899, further studies followed in Saint Petersburg and in Leipzig with Friedrich Ratzel . In 1901 he received his doctorate here. phil. in Sinology with the dissertation: The North Asian Arrow: a contribution to the knowledge of the anthropography of the Asian North . He then worked as assistant curator at the Ethnographic Museum in Leipzig.

In 1902 he received an appointment as junior curator at this museum from Wilhelm Radloff , the director of the Kunstkammer in Saint Petersburg. With several colleagues, u. a. Lew Sternberg , for the next few years he dealt with the collection and cataloging of thousands of objects according to systematic criteria such as geography, ethnicity or linguistic principles. Differences with Sternberg led Adler to leave the museum in December 1909. He went to the Ethnographic Department of the Moscow State Historical Museum , also with the prospect of a higher salary .

In May 1910, he was awarded a Masters in Geography from Moscow University. From July 1911 he was professor and head of the Institute for Geography, Anthropology and Ethnography at the University of Kazan . From 1920 he was at the Central Museum of the Tatar ASSR . From 1922 to 1925 he worked in Germany again. In the mid-1920s he moved to Moscow again, he became an associate professor and then a professor at the State University. Here he represented the Ethnographic Institute for the Study of the Urals, Siberia and the Far East. In 1929/1930 he organized two important ethnographic and anthropological expeditions to the Crimean region.

At the 1st All-Russian Museum Congress in December 1930, Adler was exposed to severe criticism, especially because of the publication of a German magazine article "The modern state of the humanities in the USSR". The defamations led to his arrest on December 7, 1933, without being founded. Adler was then exiled to the Ob - Irtysh region for five years for "organizing a counterrevolutionary group" . In exile, he was arrested again on July 14, 1938.

A special court of the Omsk region sentenced him on 25/26. August 1938 to 7 years of forced labor in corrective labor colony No. 8 in Omsk (according to Article 58-10 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR ). On February 26, 1942, a special court of the NKVD sentenced him to the death penalty for “participating in an anti-Soviet rebel organization”. The sentence was carried out in Omsk on March 18, 1942.

Bruno Adler was married to the Russian Eugenie Wera Adler, b. Horwitz. The German painter Vera Kopetz (1910–1998) was one of his daughters.

Fonts

  • The North Asian Arrow: A Contribution to Knowledge of the Anthropography of the Asian North. Inaugural dissertation to obtain the philosophical doctorate at the University of Leipzig. Brill, Leiden 1901.
  • Overview map of the League of Socialist Soviet Republics: SSSR (European Russia): Scale 1: 6,500,000. Verlag Kniga, Buch- und Lehrmittelgesellschaft mbH - edited by B. Adler, professor at Moscow University.
  • Bow and arrow in cult and legend. In: Der Weltkreis: Zeitschr. for ethnology, cultural history, etc. Folklore. Vol. 2, Berlin 1931, pp. 101-113.
  • The Crimean Karaites in a historical, demographic and ethnographic relation. In: Baessler Archive. Contributions to ethnology. R. 17, Reimer, Berlin 1934, pp. 103-133, ISSN 0005-3856.
  • Vserossijiskij Central'nyj etnografi eskij muzej v Moskve. (The Central Russian Ethnographic Museum in Moscow). University of Kazan, Issue 4, 1920, pp. 465-495.

literature

  • Bruno Adler. In: People and Fates. Bibliographical Dictionary of Orientalists - victims of political terror in the Soviet era (1917-1991), (Russian: Люди и судьбы Биобиблиографический словарь востоковедов - жертв политического террора в советский период ....) (Russian).
  • Sergei Kan: Lev Shternberg : Anthropologist, Russian Socialist, Jewish Activist. University of Nebraska Press, 2009. (online) pp. 133/174, (English).
  • Mikhail Kizilov: The Karaites of Galicia: An Ethnoreligious Minority Among the Ashkenazim, the Turks, and the Slavs, 1772-1945. BRILL, 2009, p. 3 (English).

Web links

Name variants

Adler, Bruno Wilhelm Karl Adolph (full name); Adler, Bruno Fridrichowitsch; Adler, Bruno Fridrihovič;
Адлер, Бруно-Вильгельм-Карл-Адольф; Адлер, Бруно Фридрихович

personal data
SURNAME Adler, Bruno Fridrichowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Адлер, Бруно Фридрихович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian-German ethnologist, anthropologist, curator and professor at Moscow State University
DATE OF BIRTH October 26, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Voronezh
DATE OF DEATH March 18, 1942
Place of death Omsk