Larung Buddhist Teaching Institute of the Five Classical Sciences

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Tibetan name
Tibetan script :
བླ་ རུང་ སྒར་
Wylie transliteration :
bla rung sgar;
gser thang bla rung lnga rig nang bstan slob gling
Other spellings:
Serthang Larung Ngarig Nangten Lobling;
The Center for The Five Traditional Sciences and Higher Buddhist Studies
Chinese name
Traditional :
喇 榮五明 佛 學院
Simplified :
喇 荣五明 佛 学院
Pinyin :
Larong Wuming Foxueyuan
The Buddhist Teaching Institute in Serthar city center

The Buddhist teaching institute Larung of the Five Classical Sciences ( Tibetan : gser thang bla rung lnga rig nang bstan slob gling ) or Larung Gar (bla rung sgar) is a teaching institute founded in 1980 by Khenpo Jigme Phüntshog (1933-2004), a Nyingma master of Tibetan Buddhism in Eastern Tibet. It is one of the world's largest institutes of Tibetan Buddhism.

location

The large "religious tent camp" (chos sgar) or Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies is located at about 4,000 meters above sea level in the Larung Valley near the city of Serthar (gSer rta) in the Tibetan Kardze Autonomous District in southwest China's Sichuan Province .

history

It was founded in accordance with a prophecy of the 1st Dodrupchen Rinpoche Jigme Thrinle Öser ( 'jigs med phrin las' od zer ; 1745–1821), who prophesied that “in the land of Lama Rung ... a person named Jigme would appear who will “illuminate the teachings of Sutra and Tantra” and whose followers will flock from the Ten Directions .

The site is near the seat of Düdjom Lingpa (1836–1904) in his early years, and it is also said that it was the residence of several masters who realized the rainbow body ( 'ja' lus ).

In Larung Gar one can receive a full Buddhist education based on the five great sciences (rig gnas che ba lnga) & five minor sciences (rig gnas chung ba lnga) . The most important subjects are Buddhist philosophy and logic. They are independent of their affiliation to a particular tradition.

Partial demolition of residential buildings in 2001

In 2001, authorities ordered the demolition of around 2,000 of the countless residential huts built around the center and forbade the construction of new ones outside a defined ring. This led to further densification inside. In 2015 there were over 10,000 Tibetan monks, nuns, and aspirants to be found there. In addition, there are twice as many lay practitioners and guests. In 2016, the authorities ordered that Larung Gar be gradually reduced to 5,000 residents by September 30, 2017, of which max. To demolish 1,000 foreigners, as well as thousands of new and old houses, to structurally separate and reorganize the remaining community into monastery, institute, lay, guest and public areas. The reason given by the Chinese authorities: “The community needs ideological leadership.” Work began in mid-2016. The procedure is justified with overpopulation, fire protection and hygiene problems. The heads of the Buddhist center themselves had already tried to limit the number of unregistered monks and nuns who settled there, but lost track of them.

The International Campaign for Tibet criticizes that the decision to demolish the center apparently took place without the involvement of the religious leadership, and that the government's intended participation in the administration of the center means more state control. The director of Human Rights Watch China called for Tibetans to choose how to practice their religion. The overpopulation of the center can be avoided by China allowing the establishment of more Buddhist monasteries.

Demolition of shelters and expulsion of monks and nuns from 2016

At the so-called 6th Tibet Labor Forum in August 2015 and at the second national labor conference on April 23, 2016, Chinese authorities announced measures to demolish the accommodation of nuns and monks and expel them from Larung Gar as part of an “8-point plan” . Unlike 2001, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) announced the demolition measures this time.

Essentially, the 8-point plan provides the following measures for the gradual destruction of Larung Gar:

  • Cameras are to be installed for surveillance by August 31, 2016.
  • By October 30, 2016, all “illegal” accommodations newly built since 2013 and 1500 “old” buildings are to be demolished.
  • By the end of 2016, 2,200 people must have left the institute. At least 1200 by August 30, 2016.
  • The number of nuns, monks and lay people living there is to be limited to a maximum of 5,000 in 2017.
  • According to the authorities, it is not about the destruction of the institute, but rather the "construction activities" are part of an "accelerated urbanization."
  • On July 20, 2016, the measure began with the destruction of old people's homes.

Tsering Woeser , a well-known Tibetan blogger and author, has posted photos on her Facebook page showing the start of the demolition work in Larung Gar. On July 29, 2016, Radio Free Asia reported that more than 600 homes had already been demolished.

literature

Videos

Web links

References and footnotes

  1. ↑ a b Photo series on Spiegel online from November 4, 2015
  2. ↑ The Buddhist teaching institutions Yachen Gar (ya chen sgar) in the Pelyül District of the Kardze Autonomous District of the Tibetans in Sichuan, founded by Akhyuk (a khyug) rinpoche Drubwang Lungtog Gyeltshen ( grub dbang lung rtogs rgyal mtshan ; 1927-2011), a large master of the Nyingma -Tradition and Lungngön Gar (lung sngon sgar) in circle Gade (dga 'sde) of the autonomous prefecture Golog Tibetan in Qinghai , founded by Orgyen Kusum Lingpa ( o rgyan sku gsum gling pa ; 1933–2009), a great Tertön of the Nyingma tradition.
  3. ↑ rigpawiki.org: Larung Gar
  4. ↑ Chin. Da Xiao shiming 大小 十 明:
    Five great sciences (Tibetan: རིག་ གནས་ ཆེ་བ་ ལྔ་ rig gnas che ba lnga)
    1. Philosophy of Buddhism (ནང་ དོན་ གི་ རིག་ nang don gi rig)
    2. Logic (ཚད་ མ་ རིག་ tshad ma rig)
    3. Arts and crafts (Tib. བཟོ་ རིག་ bzo rig)
    4. Medicine (Tib. གསོ་ རིག་ gso rig)
    5. Grammar (Tib. སྒྲ་ རིག་ sgra rig)
    Five Little Sciences (t གནས་ ཆུང་ བ་ ལྔ་ rig gnas chung ba lnga):
    1. Synonymy (Tib. མངོན་ བརྗོད་ mngon brjod)
    2. Mathematics and astronomy / astrology (Tib. སྐར་ བརྗོད་ skar rtsis)
    3. Theatrical art (Tib. ཟློས་གར་ zlos gar)
    4. Poetry (སྙན་ངག་ snyan ngag)
    5. Rhetoric (སྡེབ་ སྦྱོར་ sdeb sbyor)
  5. ↑ cf. ruckriegel.org (about the Buddhist curriculum in Bhutan ; PDF; 7.0 MB) & the curriculum of the monk Tendzin Gyatsho , d. H. of the current Dalai Lama in: Klemens Ludwig: Dalai Lama: Ambassadors of Compassion
  6. ↑ kawachen.com: Серта - буддийский институт Ларунг Гар
  7. ↑ Dense crowd at the Tibetan teaching institute Larung Gar ( Memento of the original from July 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , bluewin.ch, July 24, 2016  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bluewin.ch
  8. ↑ https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/06/09/serta-county-order-larung-gar-monastery , Announcement of the decisions
  9. ↑ http://www.lionsroar.com/larung-gar-buddhist-monastery-facing-demolition/ , ideological guidance
  10. ↑ http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-36863888 , China 'destroys buildings' at Tibetan Buddhist academy
  11. ↑ China denies demolitions at center for Tibetan Buddhist learning ( Memento of the original from July 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - swissinfo.ch/Reuters, July 26, 2016  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.swissinfo.ch
  12. ↑ Larung Gar: China's bulldozers hit a Buddhist site , Spiegel, July 29, 2016
  13. Jump up ↑ Destruction Proceeds at Larung Gar, With at Least 600 Structures Torn Down So Far , Radio Free Asia , July 29, 2016
  14. ^ Tibet Initiative Deutschland eV: Destruction of Larung Gar 2016. In: www.tibet-initiative.de. Retrieved August 8, 2016 .
  15. ↑ China issues demolition order on world's largest religious town in Tibet - Tibetan Center for Human Rights and Democracy. Retrieved August 8, 2016 .
  16. ↑ Tibet Journal. Compaign for Tibet Germany. Issue 36, September 2016, p. 5
  17. ↑ Tsering Woeser - 色 达 喇 荣五明 佛 学院 （位于 四川省 甘孜 藏族 自治州 色 达县） ， 今天 （7 月 20 日） 开始 ， 部分 僧 ... | Facebook. In: www.facebook.com. Retrieved August 8, 2016 .
  18. ↑ Destruction Proceeds at Larung Gar With at Least 600 Structures Torn Down So Far. In: Radio Free Asia. Retrieved August 8, 2016 .
Buddhist teaching institute Larung of the Five Classical Sciences (alternative names of the lemma)
Serthang Larung Ngarig Nangten Lobling; 喇 荣五明 佛 学院; Serthar Larung Gar Monastery University; Larung Gar Monastery University; Larung Gar monastery academy; Sertar Lharong Wuming Foxueyuan Buddhist Teaching Institute; gSer-thang bla-rung lnga-rig nang-bstan sLob-gLing; Serthang Larung Ngarig Nangten Lobling; gser thang bla rung lnga rig nang bstan slob gling; Larung gar; La Rong Five Sciences Buddhism Academy in Sertar; Institut bouddhiste de Serthar; Institute bouddhiste de Larung Gar; Larong Gar; bla rung sgar; lnga rig nang bstan slob gling; The Center for The Five Traditional Sciences and Higher Buddhist Studies; Center for Five Traditional Sciences and Higher Buddhist Studies; Larung Gar Buddhist Institute in Serthar; Larong Wuming Tibetan Buddhist Institute; институт тибетского буддизма Ларунг Гар; Буддийский институт пяти наук; 五 明 佛 学院; wu ming fo xue yuan; Seda Larong Buddhist College; 喇 荣 寺 五 明 佛 学院; 色 达 五 明 佛 学院; Sertar Larung Gar Buddhist Institute; 喇 榮五明 佛 學院; Larung Gar Buddhist Academy; Larung Religious Encampment; буддийский институт Ларунг Гар; 色 達 喇 榮五明 佛 學院

Coordinates: 32 ° 9 ′ 10 ″  N , 100 ° 28 ′ 8 ″  E